This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Contaminants Affecting the Formation of Soft Particles in Bio-Based Diesel Fuels during Degradation
Technical Paper
2019-01-0016
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Renewable fuels are essential in the field of heavy duty transportation if we are to reach a fossil-free society in the foreseeable future. However renewable diesel fuels based on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) might face problems with degradation and with cold flow properties. From the perspective of an engine, this may cause problems in the fuel injection system, such as fuel filter clogging and injector deposits. These phenomena, especially fuel filter clogging, can be connected to gel-like soft particles, which could originate from degradation products as well as from byproducts created during biodiesel refining. In this study, soft particles from the degradation of bio-based diesel fuel were examined. The tested fuels included hydrogenated vegetable oils (HVO), rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and 10% blend of rapeseed methyl ester with standard diesel (B10). To test their potential to increase the formation of soft particles, contaminants such as water, metals and engine oil were included in the degradation methods. The formed insoluble products were analyzed with gravimetric means, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and spectroscopy methods (FTIR). The results showed different behavior for each of the tested fuels. B10 was shown to be the most problematic, with the creation of gel-like soft particles. RME was less prone to create particles, probably due to its good solubility properties. HVO created the least sediments, possibly due to its high stability. According to the FTIR measurements, the captured insoluble sediments mainly consisted of polymerized oxidation products, acids and metal carboxylic ions. The type of metal influenced the chemical composition and the amount of insoluble sediment. Engine oil caused an increase in the amount of sediments. However the results also suggest that oil has a dampening effect for reactions between metals, water and fuels.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Csontos, B., Alim, R., Bernemyr, H., Hittig, H. et al., "Contaminants Affecting the Formation of Soft Particles in Bio-Based Diesel Fuels during Degradation," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0016, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0016.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 5 |
Also In
References
- Stengel , B. and Vium , J.H. 2015
- Flach , B. , Lieberz , S. , Lappin , J. , and Bolla , S. EU Biofuels Annual 2018 United States Department of Agriculture 2018
- Dunn , R.O. Effects of Minor Constituents on Cold Flow Properties and Performance of Biodiesel Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 35 6 481 489 2009 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.07.002
- Kumar , N. Oxidative Stability of Biodiesel: Causes, Effects and Prevention Fuel 190 328 350 2017 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.001
- Yaakob , Z. , Narayanan , B.N. , Padikkaparambil , S. , Unni , K.S. et al. A Review on the Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 35 136 153 2014 10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.055
- ASTM D2500-17a 2017 10.1520/D7397-17.2
- ASTM D6371-17a 2010 10.1520/D6371-05R10.2
- ASTM D7501-12a 2011 10.1520/D7501-09B.2
- Sarin , A. , Arora , R. , Singh , N.P. , Sarin , R. et al. Effect of Blends of Palm-Jatropha-Pongamia Biodiesels on Cloud Point and Pour Point Energy 34 11 2016 2021 2009 10.1016/j.energy.2009.08.017
- Echim , C. , Maes , J. , and De Greyt , W. Improvement of Cold Filter Plugging Point of Biodiesel from Alternative Feedstocks Fuel 93 642 648 2012 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.036
- Pfalzgraf , L. , Lee , I. , Forster , J. , and Poppe , G. Effect of Minor Components in Soy Biodiesel on Cloud Point and Filterability Inf. - Int. News Fats, Oils Relat. Mater. 18 SUPPL. 4 17 21 2007
- Chupka , G.M. , Fouts , L. , Lennon , J.A. , Alleman , T.L. et al. Saturated Monoglyceride Effects on Low-Temperature Performance of Biodiesel Blends Fuel Process. Technol. 118 302 309 2014 10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.10.002
- Fersner , A.S. and Galante-Fox , J.M. Biodiesel Feedstock and Contaminant Contributions to Diesel Fuel Filter Blocking SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 3 783 791 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2723
- Saltas , E. , Bouilly , J. , Geivanidis , S. , Samaras , Z. et al. Investigation of the Effects of Biodiesel Aging on the Degradation of Common Rail Fuel Injection Systems Fuel 200 357 370 2017 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.064
- Raghuma Reddy , S. Fuel Filter Plugging by Insoluble Sediment in Diesel Fuels 1988
- Knothe , G. Some Aspects of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability Fuel Process. Technol. 88 7 669 677 2007 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.01.005
- Karavalakis , G. , Stournas , S. , and Karonis , D. Evaluation of the Oxidation Stability of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends Fuel 89 9 2483 2489 2010 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.041
- Mccormick , R.L. , Ratcliff , M. , Moens , L. , and Lawrence , R. Several Factors Affecting the Stability of Biodiesel in Standard Accelerated Tests Fuel Process. Technol. 88 7 651 657 2007 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.01.006
- Fang , H.L. and Mccormick , R.L. Spectroscopic Study of Biodiesel Degradation Pathways SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3300 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3300
- Bacha , K. , Ben-Amara , A. , Vannier , A. , Alves-Fortunato , M. et al. Oxidation Stability of Diesel/Biodiesel Fuels Measured by a PetroOxy Device and Characterization of Oxidation Products Energy and Fuels 29 7 4345 4355 2015 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00450
- Fang , H.L. , Stehouwer , D.M. , and Wang , J.C. Interaction between Fuel Additive and Oil Contaminant: (II) Its Impact on Fuel Stability and Filter Plugging Mechanism SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3140 2003 10.4271/2003-01-3140
- Leung , D.Y.C. , Koo , B.C.P. , and Guo , Y. Degradation of Biodiesel under Different Storage Conditions Bioresour. Technol. 97 2 250 256 2006 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.006
- Tang , T. , Ku , Y. , and Chen , C.L. Impacts of Biodiesel Blends on Fuel Filters of High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) System SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1280 2016 10.4271/2016-01-1280.Copyright
- ASTM D2274-14 2008 10.1520/D2274-10.2
- Jolly , L. , Kitano , K. , Sakata , I. , Strojek , W. et al. A Study of Mixed-FAME and Trace Component Effects on the Filter Blocking Propensity of FAME and FAME Blends SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-2116 2010 10.4271/2010-01-2116
- HaWilfong , D. , Dallas , A. , Yang , C. , Johnson , P. et al. Emerging Challenges of Filtration Filtr. Solut. 10 2 105 115 2010 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.087
- Block , J. , Klick , P. , Grove , B. , Zastera , D. et al. Contaminants Found on Diesel Fuel Storage Tank Filters Sarasota, Florida USA 2011
- Lacey , P. , Gail , S. , Kientz , J.M. , Milovanovic , N. et al. Internal Fuel Injector Deposits SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5 1 132 145 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1925