This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Influence of Ethanol and 2-Butanol Blended Fuels on Combustion and Emissions in a Small Displacement Two Stroke Engine
Technical Paper
2018-32-0044
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Small displacement two-stroke engines are cheap and low-maintenance propulsion systems and commonly used in scooters, recreation vehicles and handheld power-tools. The restriction by emission legislation and the increasing environmental awareness of end users as well as decreasing energy resources cause a rethinking in the development of propulsion systems and fuels in these fields. Despite recent improvements of electric powertrains, two stroke engines are the challenged propulsion system in high performance handheld power tools at the moment. The reasons are the extraordinary high power to weight ratio of two-stroke engines, the high energy density of liquid fuels and the reliability of the product with respect to extreme ambient conditions. Nevertheless, further improvements on emissions and fuel consumption of small displacement two-stroke engines can be realized.
This research is focused on the use of alternative renewable fuels, so called biofuels, like ethanol and 2-butanol in small displacement two-stroke engines. The different physical and chemical properties of ethanol and 2-butanol can have a positive impact on the combustion process and emission composition and are a possibility to contribute future engine requirements. Beside advantages in combustion and emission behavior, liquid biofuels can have an advantageous CO2 lifecycle in comparison to conventional gasoline. To point out the characteristics of different alcohol gasoline blends, the ignition timing and the air to fuel equivalence ratio have been modified in a wide range. The results are focused on power, efficiency, knock, combustion stability and emissions under rich and lean operation. On this basis, it is possible to determine the boundary conditions for an alcohol fuel use in small displacement two-stroke engines serving as basis for future combustion process developments with respect to decreasing emissions and fuel consumption.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Jandl, S., Schmidt, S., Piecha, P., Schacht, H. et al., "Influence of Ethanol and 2-Butanol Blended Fuels on Combustion and Emissions in a Small Displacement Two Stroke Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2018-32-0044, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-32-0044.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- IEA World Energy Outlook 2017 Paris OECD Publishing, Paris/International Energy Agency 2017 10.1787/weo-2017-en
- Möser , C. , Klatt , C. , Raffenberg , M. , and Seidel , T. 2009
- Yoshida , Y. , Uenoyama , K. , Kawahara , Y. , and Kudo , K. Development of Stratified Scavenging Two-Stroke Cycle Engine for Emission Reduction SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3269 1999 10.4271/1999-01-3269
- Blair , G.P. Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines SAE International 1-56091-85-0 1996
- Gegg , T. , Dangelmair , M. , Gorenflo , E. , Kölmel , A. et al. Low-Emission and Cost-Effective Two-Stroke SI Engines for Handheld Power Tools 11th Stuttgart International Symposium / Automotive and Engine Technology Stuttgart 2011
- Trattner , A. , Schmidt , S. , Kirchberger , R. , Eichlseder , H. et al. Future Engine Technology in Hand-Held Power Tools SAE Int. J. Engines 5 4 2012 10.4271/2012-32-0111
- Zahn , W. , Däschner , H. , Layher , W. , and Kinnen , A. Elektronisches Einspritzsystem für handgehaltene Arbeitsgeräte MTZ 73 2012
- Ferrara , G. , Balduzzi , F. , and Vichi , G. An Innovative Solution for Two-Stroke Engines to Reduce the Short-Circuit Effects SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0180 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0180
- Cunningham , G. , Kee , R. , Kenny , R. , and Skelton , W. Development of a Stratified Scavenging System for Small Capacity Two-Stroke Engines SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3270 1999 10.4271/1999-01-3270
- Lochmann , H. , Schlessmann , H. , Schlossarczyk , J. , Richter , S. et al. Development of an Emission Aftertreatment System for Hand Held Powertools SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0149 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0149
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 2 McGraw-Hill 1988 978-0071004992
- Dunn-Rankin , D. et al. Lean Combustion Technology and Control Elsevier 978-0-12-370619-5
- Pischinger , R. , Klell , M. , Sams , T. Thermodynamik Der Verbrennungskraftmaschine - Der Fahrzeugantrieb 3-211-83679-9 3 2009
- Piecha , P. , Ninaus , C. , Schmidt , S. , Kirchberger , R. et al. Practicability and Influencing Factors of a Lean Burn Mode for Two-Stroke Engines in Hand-Held Powertools SAE Technical Paper 2017-32-0043 2017
- Trattner , A. , Grassberger , H. , Schoegl , O. , Schmidt , S. et al. Advantages and Challenges of Lean Operation of Two-Stroke Engines for Hand-Held Power Tools SAE Int. J. Engines 8 1 2015 10.4271/2014-32-0009
- Festel , G. Biokraftstoffe in Deutschland - Produktionskosten und Marktchancen Chemie Ingenieur Technik 79 605 612 2007 10.1002/cite.200600116
- Wasil , J. , Johnson , J. , and Singh , R. Alternative Fuel Butanol: Preliminary Investigation on Performance and Emissions of a Marine Two-Stroke Direct Fuel Injection Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 2 1071 1080 2010 10.4271/2010-32-0054
- Zhang , Y. , Zhao , H. , Ojapah , M. , and Cairns , A. 2-Stroke CAI Operation on a Poppet Valve DI Engine Fuelled with Gasoline and its Blends with Ethanol SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1674 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1674
- Weßling , J. , Rauber , F. , Titus , F. , Beck , K. et al. Optical Analysis on the Mixture Preparation and Combustion Behavior of Small Two-Stroke SI Engines Fueled with Alcohol-Blends SAE Technical Paper 2017-32-0078 2017
- Bertsch , M. , Beck , K. , Spicher , U. , Kölmel , A. et al. Influence of the Alcohol Type and Concentration in Alcohol-Blended Fuels on the Combustion and Emission of Small Two-Stroke SI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2012-32-0038 2012 10.4271/2012-32-0038
- e-CFR PART 1054 2008
- Pertl , P. 2016
- Bauer , K. , Heilmann , G. , Koepcke , G. , Redrs , K. , et al. 1980
- Frenkel , M. Thermodynamics Source Database NIST Chemistry WebBook Linstrom , P.J. and Mallard , W.G. National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 10.18434/T4D303 2017
- Acree , W.E. , Chickos Jr. , J.S. Phase Transition Enthalpy Measurements of Organic and Organometallic Compounds NIST Chemistry WebBook Linstrom , P.J. and Mallard , W.G. National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 10.18434/T4D303 2017
- Afeefy , H.Y. , Liebman , J.F. , and Stein , S.E. Neutral Thermochemical Data NIST Chemistry WebBook Linstrom , P.J. and Mallard , W.G. National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 10.18434/T4D303 2017
- Yaws , C. Handbook of Chemical Compound Data for Process Safety Houston, TX Gulf Publishing Company 1997 0-88415-381-9
- Mackay , D. , Shiu , W.Y. , Ma , K.-C. , and Lee , S.C. Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals Second CRC Press 2006 978-1-56670-687-2
- Kar , K. , Last , T. , Haywood , C. , and Raine , R. Measurement of Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Gasoline and Ethanol Blends and their Effects on Mixture Preparation in an SI Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 1 1 132 144 2009 10.4271/2008-01-0317
- Jandl , S. , Pertl , P. , Schacht , H. , Schmidt , S. et al. Thermodynamic Loss Analysis of a High Power Motorcycle Engine with Focus on Alcohol Blended Fuels SAE Technical Paper 2017-32-0070 2017
- Sileghem , L. , Ickes , A. , Wallner , T. , and Verhelst , S. Experimental Investigation of a DISI Production Engine Fuelled with Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol and ISO-Stoichiometric Alcohol Blends SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0768 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0768
- Kar , K. , Cheng , W. , and Ishii , K. Effects of Ethanol Content on Gasohol PFI Engine Wide-Open-Throttle Operation SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 895 901 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1907
- Nakata , K. , Utsumi , S. , Ota , A. , Kawatake , K. et al. The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3380 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3380
- Jandl , S. , Schacht , H. , Schmidt , S. , Dawin , U. et al. Evaporation and Cold Start Behavior of Bio-Fuels in Non-Automotive Applications SAE Int. J. Engines 9 4 2381 2395 2016 10.4271/2016-32-0034
- Glaude , P.A. , Fournet , R. , Bounaceur , R. , and Moliere , M. Adiabatic Flame Temperature from Biofuels and Fossil Fuels and Derived Effect on NOx Emissions Fuel Processing Technology 91 2 2010 229 235 0378-3820 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.002
- Nabi , N. Theoretical Investigation of Engine Thermal Efficiency, Adiabatic Flame Temperature, NOx Emission and Combustion-Related Parameters for Different Oxygenated Fuels Applied Thermal Engineering 30 8-9 839 844 2010 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.12.015
- Broustail , G. , Seers , P. , Halter , F. , Moreac , G. et al. Experimental Determination of Laminar Burning Velocity for Butanol and Ethanol ISO-Octane Blends Fuel 90 1 1 6 2011 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.021
- Sevik , J. , Wallner , T. , Miers , S. , and Wasil , J. Air-To-Fuel Ratio Calculation Methods for Oxygenated Fuels in Two-Stroke Engines SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0965 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0965
- Brettschneider , J. Berechnung des Luftverhältnisses von Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischen und des Einflusses von Messfehlern auf Lambda Bosch Technische Berichte 6 4S 177 186 1979
- Wallner , T. Correlation between Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions and Flame Ionization Detector Response for Gasoline/Alcohol Blends J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 133 8 2011 10.1115/1.4002893
- Kar , K. and Cheng , W. Speciated Engine-out Organic Gas Emissions from a PFI-SI Engine Operating on Ethanol/Gasoline Mixtures SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 2 91 101 2010 10.4271/2009-01-2673