This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Impact of the Gas Mixture and Aging Conditions on Formaldehyde Conversion over a Series of Commercial Pt-Based Catalysts
Technical Paper
2018-01-5021
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
Automotive Technical Papers
Language:
English
Abstract
The emission of formaldehyde and its removal has recently been brought into the focus of exhaust gas catalysis beside reduction off pollutants like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. In this study, five commercial Pt-based catalysts were tested on their ability to oxidize formaldehyde under a variety of gas mixtures representing typical conditions of lean burn gas engines. In general, most of the formaldehyde could be removed almost as efficiently as carbon monoxide and much easier than saturated hydrocarbons. The catalysts were aged in different simulated exhaust gas mixtures including varying SO2 concentrations at 500 °C for 100 h to investigate a possible loss of activity due to thermal aging and poisoning. In a sulfur-free simulated exhaust gas very high conversion with no detectable loss of activity due to the aging was observed. Also small amounts of SO2 (1.75 ppm) had only minor effects on formaldehyde conversion. However, exposure to gas mixtures with a higher SO2 concentration (7 ppm) over 100 h at 500 °C resulted in a significant loss of activity. This activity loss is accelerated for catalysts aged under dynamic conditions, i.e. multiple cold-starts per day of combined heating and power plants. In addition, all catalysts were field-aged for 200 days on a combined heat and power plant fueled by biogas with an estimated SO2 concentration of 3.5 ppm. The deactivation was found to be similar to the laboratory-aged catalysts with high sulfur concentrations.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Schedlbauer, T., Gremminger, A., Casapu, M., Deutschmann, O. et al., "Impact of the Gas Mixture and Aging Conditions on Formaldehyde Conversion over a Series of Commercial Pt-Based Catalysts," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-5021, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-5021.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 |
Also In
References
- Beith , R. Small and Micro Combined Heat and Power Systems Cambridge Woodhead 2011 9780857092755
- Ciuparu , D. , Lyubovsky , M.R. , Altman , E. , and Datye , A. Catalytic Combustion of Methane over Palladium-Based Catalysts Catalysis Reviews 44 4 593 649 2002 10.1081/CR-120015482
- Gelin , P. and Primet , M. Catalytic Combustion of Methane over Palladium-Based Catalysts Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 39 1 1 37 2002 10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00076-0
- Hayes , R.E. , Kolaczkowski , S.T. , Paul , K.C.L. , and Awdry , S. The Palladium Catalysed Oxidation of Methane: Reaction Kinetics and the Effect of Diffusion Barriers Chemical Engineering Science 56 16 4815 4835 2001 10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00131-2
- Gremminger , A. , Lott , P. , Merts , M. , Casapu , M. et al. Sulfur Poisoning and Regeneration of Bimetallic Pd-Pt Methane Oxidation Catalysts Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 218 833 843 2017 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.048
- Strobel , R. , Grunwaldt , J.-D. , Camenzind , A. , Baiker , A. et al. Flame-Made Alumina Supported Pd-Pt Nanoparticles: Structural Properties and Catalytic Behavior in Methane Combustion Catalysis Letters 104 1-2 9 16 2005 10.1007/s10562-005-7429-y
- Deutschmann , O. and Grunwaldt , J.-D. Abgasnachbehandlung in mobilen Systemen: Stand der Technik, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven Chemie Ingenieur Technik 85 5 595 617 2013 10.1002/cite.201200188
- Ersson , A. , Kusar , H. , Carroni , R. , Järas , S. et al. Catalytic Combustion of Methane over Bimetallic Catalysts a Comparison between a Novel Annular Reactor and a High-Pressure Reactor Catalysis Today 83 1-4 265 277 2003 10.1016/S0920-5861(03)00247-5
- Lapisardi , G. , Urfels , L. , Gelin , P. , Tena , E. et al. Superior Catalytic Behaviour of Pt-Doped Pd Catalysts in the Complete Oxidation of Methane at Low Temperature Catalysis Today 117 4 564 568 2006 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.06.004
- Narui , K.Y. , Furuta , H. , Nishida , K. , Kohtoku , A. et al. Effects of Addition of Pt to PdO/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst on Catalytic Activity for Methane Combustion and TEM Observations of Supported Particles Applied Catalysis A: General 179 1-2 165 173 1999 10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00306-8
- Schwartz , W.R. , Ciuparu , D. , and Pfefferle , L.D. Combustion of Methane over Palladium-Based Catalysts: Catalytic Deactivation and Role of the Support The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116 15 8587 8593 2012 10.1021/jp212236e
- Mitchell , C.E. and Olsen , D.B. Formaldehyde Formation in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines Part 1: Formation Mechanisms Transactions-American Society of Mechanical Engineers Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122 4 603 610 2000
- BMU 2012
- BDEW 2015
- REACH http://www.reach-clp-biozid-helpdesk.de/de 2018
- Chen , B.-B. , Zhu , X.-B. , Crocker , M. , Wang , Y. et al. Complete Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Ambient Temperature over γ-Al 2 O 3 Supported Au Catalyst Catalysis Communications 42 93 97 2013 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.08.008
- Li , D. , Yang , P. , Li , P. , Zhang , P. et al. Promotion of Formaldehyde Oxidation over Ag Catalyst by Fe Doped MnOx Support at Room Temperature Catalysis Today 277 257 265 2016 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.040
- Zhang , C. and He , H. A Comparative Study of TiO 2 Supported Noble Metal Catalysts for the Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature Catalysis Today 126 3-4 345 350 2007 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.06.010
- Peng , J. and Wang , S. Performance and Characterization of Supported Metal Catalysts for Complete Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Low Temperatures Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 73 3-4 282 291 2007 10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.12.012
- Sodhi , D. , Abraham , M.A. , and Summers , J.C. The Kinetics of Formaldehyde Oxidation and Emissions Reduction in Methanol Fueled Vehicles Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 40 3 352 356 1990 10.1080/10473289.1990.10466693
- Ayala , A. , Gebel , M.E. , Okamoto , R.E. , Rieger , P. et al. Oxidation Catalyst Effect on CNG Transit Bus Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1900 2003 10.4271/2003-01-1900
- Nylund , N.-O. , Erkillä , K. , Lappi , M. , and Ikonen , M. 2004
- Kristensen , P.G. Formaldehyd Reduction by Catalyst Horsholm Danish Gas Technology Center 2007
- Honkanen , M. , Kärkkäinen , M. , Viitanen , V. , Lepistö , T. et al. Structural Characteristics of Natural-Gas-Vehicle-Aged Oxidation Catalyst Topics in Catalysis 56 9-10 576 585 2013 10.1007/s11244-013-0017-2
- Oudar , J. Sulfur Adsorption and Poisoning of Metallic Catalysts Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering 22 2 171 195 1980 10.1080/03602458008066533
- Lampert , J.K. , Kazi , M.S. , and Farrauto , R. Palladium Catalyst Performance for Methane Emissions Abatement from Lean Burn Natural Gas Vehicles Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 14 211 223 1997 10.1016/S0926-3373(97)00024-6
- Väliheikki , A. , Kolli , T. , Honkanen , M. , Keiski , R.L. et al. The Impact of Sulphur, Phosphorus and their Co-Effect on Pt/SiO 2 -ZrO 2 Diesel Oxidation Catalysts Topics in Catalysis 60 3-5 307 311 2016 10.1007/s11244-016-0616-9
- Kröcher , O. , Widmer , M. , Elsener , M. , and Rothe , D. Adsorption and Desorption of SOx on Diesel Oxidation Catalysts Industrial & Engineering Chemical Research 48 9847 9857 2009 10.1021/ie900882p
- Hamzehlouyan , T. , Sampara , C. , Li , J. , Kumar , A. et al. Experimental and Kinetic Study of SO 2 Oxidation on a Pt/γ-Al 2 O 3 Catalyst Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 152-153 108 116 2014 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.01.005
- Hamzehlouyan , T. , Sampara , C. , Li , J. , Kumar , A. et al. Sulfur Poisoning of a Pt/Al 2 O 3 Oxidation Catalyst: Understanding of SO 2 , SO 3 and H 2 SO 4 Impacts Topics in Catalysis 59 10-12 1028 1032 2016 10.1007/s11244-016-0592-0
- Sharma , H.N. 2013
- Li , J. , Kumar , A. , Chen , X. , Currier , N. et al. Impact of Different Forms of Sulfur Poisoning on Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0514 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0514
- Honkanen , M. , Kärkkäinen , M. , Kolli , T. , Heikkinen , O. et al. Accelerated Deactivation Studies of the Natural-Gas Oxidation Catalyst-Verifying the Role of Sulfur and Elevated Temperature in Catalyst Aging Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 182 439 448 2016 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.054
- Mowery , D.L. and McCormick , R.L. Deactivation of Alumina Supported and Unsupported PdO Methane Oxidation Catalyst: The Effect of Water on Sulfate Poisoning Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 34 4 287 297 2001 10.1016/S0926-3373(01)00222-3
- Sharma , H.N. , Sharma , V. , Mhadeshwar , A.B. , and Ramprasad , R. Why Pt Survives but Pd Suffers from SOx Poisoning? Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 6 7 1140 1148 2015 10.1021/jz5027147
- Smirnov , M.Y. , Kalinkin , A.V. , Pashis , A.V. , Bukhtiyarov , V.I. et al. Interaction of Al 2 O 3 and CeO 2 Surfaces with SO 2 and SO 2 +O 2 Studied by X-Ray Photoelectrion Spectroscopy Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109 11712 11719 2005 10.1021/jp0508249
- Hamzehlouyan , T. , Sampara , C. , Li , J. , Kumar , A. et al. Kinetic Study of Adsorption and Desorption of SO 2 over γ-Al 2 O 3 and Pt/γ-Al 2 O 3 Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 181 587 598 2016 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.08.003
- Zhang , C. , He , H. , and Tanaka , K.-I. Catalytic Performance and Mechanism of a Pt/TiO 2 Catalyst for the Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 65 1-2 37 43 2006 10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.12.010
- Nie , L. , Wang , J. , and Yu , J. Preparation of a Pt/TiO 2 /Cotton Fiber Composite Catalyst with Low Air Resistance for Efficient Formaldehyde Oxidation at Room Temperature RSC Advances 7 35 21389 21397 2017 10.1039/C7RA01616F
- Auvray , X. , Pingel , T. , Olsson , E. , and Olsson , L. The Effect Gas Composition during Thermal Aging on the Dispersion and NO Oxidation Activity over Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 129 517 527 2013 10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.10.002
- Bartholomew , C.H. Mechanisms of Catalyst Deactivation Applied Catalysis A: General 212 1-2 17 60 2001 10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00843-7
- Gong , J. , Wang , D. , Junhui , L. , Kamasamudram , K. et al. Catalysis Today 2017 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.11.038
- Mladenov , N. , Koop , J. , Tischer , S. , and Deutschmann , O. Modeling of Transport and Chemistry in Channel Flows of Automotive Catalytic Converters Chemical Engineering Science 65 2 812 826 2010 10.1016/j.ces.2009.09.034
- Maillet , T. , Solleau , C. , Barbier , J. , and Duprez , D. Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide, Propene, Propane and Methane over a Pd/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst. Effect of the Chemical State of Pd Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 14 85 95 1997 10.1016/S0926-3373(97)00014-3
- Choudhary , V.R. , Uphade , B.S. , and Pataskar , S.G. Low Temperature Complete Combustion of Dilute Methane over Mn-Doped ZrO 2 Catalysts: Factors Influencing the Reactivity of Lattice Oxygen and Methane Combustion Activity of the Catalyst Applied Catalysis A: General 227 29 41 2002 10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00925-5
- Baschuk , J.J. and Xianguo , L. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells International Journal of Energy Research 25 695 713 2001 10.1002/er.713
- Hwang , K. , Yang , M. , Zhu , J. , Somorjai , G.A. et al. The Molecular Mechanism of the Poisoning of Platinum and Rhodium Catalyzed Ethylene Hydrogenation by Carbon Monoxide Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 204 205 499 507 2003 10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00332-7
- Boubnov , A. , Dahl , S. , Johnson , E. , Grunwaldt , J.-D. et al. Structure-Activity Relationships of Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts for CO and NO Oxidation at Diesel Exhaust Conditions Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 126 315 325 2012 10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.07.029
- Park , S.J. , Bae , I. , Nam , I.-S. , Cho , B.K. et al. Oxidation of Formaldehyde over Pd/Beta Catalyst Chemical Engineering Journal 195 196 392 402 2012 10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.028
- Kumar , A. , Li , J. , Luo , J. , Joshi , S. et al. Catalyst Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery Behaviors: Key for Designing Advanced Emission Control Systems SAE Technical Paper 2017-26-0133 2017 10.4271/2017-26-0133
- Wilburn , M.S. and Epling , W.S. SO 2 Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Pd and Pt Catalysts: Precious Metal Crystallite Size Dependence Applied Catalysis A: General 534 85 93 2017 10.1016/j.apcata.2017.01.015
- Auvray , X.P. and Olsson , L. Sulfur Dioxide Exposure: A Way to Improve the Oxidation Catalyst Performance Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52 41 14556 14566 2013 10.1021/ie402153u
- Dawody , J. , Skoglundh , M. , Olsson , L. , and Fridell , E. Sulfur Deactivation of Pt/SiO 2 , Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 , and BaO/Al 2 O 3 NOx Storage Catalysts: Influence of SO 2 Exposure Conditions Journal of Catalysis 234 1 206 218 2005 10.1016/j.jcat.2005.05.017
- Streber , R. , Papp , C. , Lorenz , M.P.A. , Steinrück , H.P. et al. SO 2 Adsorption and Thermal Evolution on Clean and Oxygen Precovered Pt111 Chemical Physics Letters 494 4-6 188 192 2010 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.06.007
- Gremminger , A.T. , Pereira de Carvalho , H.W. , Popescu , R. , Grunwaldt , J.-D. et al. Influence of Gas Composition on Activity and Durability of Bimetallic Pd-Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Methane Catalysis Today 258 470 480 2015 10.1016/j.cattod. 2015.01.034
- Hansen , T.W. , Delariva , A.T. , Challa , S.R. , and Datye , A. Sintering of Catalytic Nanoparticles: Particle Migration or Ostwald Ripening Accounts of Chemical Research 46 8 1720 1730 2012 10.1021/ar3002427
- Wafiq , M. , Saur , O. , Lavalley , J.C. , Centi , G. et al. Nature and Mechanism of Formation of Sulfate Species on Co-Alumina-Cat for SO 2 Removal Journal of Physical Chemistry 95 4051 4058 1991 10.1021/j100163a031
- Luo , J.-Y. , Kisinger , D. , Abedi , A. , and Epling , W.S. Sulfur Release from a Model Pt/Al 2 O 3 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst: Temperature-Programmed and Step-Response Techniques Characterization Applied Catalysis A: General 383 1-2 182 191 2010 10.1016/j.apcata.2010.05.049