This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Combustion Behavior of n-Heptane, Isooctane, Toluene and Blends under HCCI Conditions in the Pressure-Temperature Diagram
Technical Paper
2018-01-1684
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) experiments were run with the aid of a Cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine, operating at 600 rpm and under very lean conditions (ϕ = 0.3). This study seeks to examine the combustion behavior of different fuels by finding the pressure-temperature (p-t) conditions that instigate the start of combustion, and the transition from low temperature combustion to principal combustion. The pressure-temperature diagram emphasizes p-t conditions according to their traces through the compression stroke. In each fuel tested, p-t traces were examined by a sweep of the intake temperature; and for each experimental point, combustion phasing was maintained at top dead center by adjusting the compression ratio of the engine. In addition to the p-t diagram, results were analyzed using a compression ratio-intake temperature diagram, which showed the compression ratio required with respect to intake temperature.
Pure n-heptane, isooctane and toluene were investigated first. The results showed that these three fuels ignited in accordance with their octane number. The compression ratio-intake temperature diagram shows that the compression ratio decreased linearly with increased intake temperature. The p-t diagram reveals that the combustion of n-heptane always reacted with low temperature heat release, while toluene always reacted with one main combustion. However, isooctane behavior is subject to change. Isooctane combustion displayed two stages of combustion with low intake temperature, but when intake temperature increased, the low temperature heat release disappeared and only the main combustion remained. Finally, ignition delays computed from a constant volume model were compared to experimental ignitions; the results suggested that another model was required.
Second, an octane number 90 primary reference fuel (PRF90) with different volume fractions of toluene was investigated. Results in the compression ratio-intake temperature showed that the compression ratio decreased linearly, while the intake temperature increased for PRF90 without toluene. When low fractions of toluene were added to PRF90 (from 5% to 30%), higher compression ratios were required and the trend became non-linear. A slight change in the compression ratio at low intake temperature was observed; while a greater change in the compression ratio at high intake temperature was required due to the presence of low temperature combustion. Finally, high fractions of toluene (higher than 40%) quenched the low temperature combustion and linear behavior was again achieved. The pressure temperature diagram also shows similar trends, with a transition of the low temperature combustion which moved in accordance with the fraction of toluene in PRF90.
Authors
- Jean-Baptiste Masurier - King Abdullah University of Science & Tech.
- Omar Altoaimi - King Abdullah University of Science & Tech.
- Abdulrahman Mohammed - King Abdullah University of Science & Tech.
- Muhammad Waqas - King Abdullah University of Science & Tech.
- Bengt Johansson - King Abdullah University of Science & Tech.
Topic
Citation
Masurier, J., Altoaimi, O., Mohammed, A., Waqas, M. et al., "Combustion Behavior of n-Heptane, Isooctane, Toluene and Blends under HCCI Conditions in the Pressure-Temperature Diagram," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1684, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1684.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| [Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
| [Unnamed Dataset 2] |
Also In
References
- Kalghatgi, G.T. , Fuel/Engine Interactions (Warrendale: SAE International, 2014). ISBN:978-0-7680-6458-2.
- Wang, Z., Liu, H., and Reitz, R.D. , “Knocking Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 61:78-112, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2017.03.004.
- ASTM International , “Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel - D2699-08,” ASTM Int., n.d.
- ASTM International , “Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel - D2700-08,” ASTM Int., n.d.
- Kalghatgi, G.T. , “Auto-Ignition Quality of Practical Fuels and Implications for Fuel Requirements of Future SI and HCCI Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0239 , 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-0239.
- Kalghatgi, G., Babiker, H., and Badra, J. , “A Simple Method to Predict Knock Using Toluene, N-Heptane and Iso-Octane Blends (TPRF) as Gasoline Surrogates,” SAE Int. J. Engines 8(2):505-519, 2015, doi:10.4271/2015-01-0757.
- Szybist, J.P. and Splitter, D.A. , “Pressure and Temperature Effects on Fuels with Varying Octane Sensitivity at High Load in SI Engines,” Combust. Flame. 177:49-66, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.002.
- Liu, Z., Yao, H., Zhang, M., and Zheng, B. , “Influence of Fuel and Operating Conditions on Combustion Characteristics of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine,” Energy & Fuels. 23(3):1422-1430, 2009.
- Splitter, D., Kaul, B., Szybist, J., and Jatana, G. , “Engine Operating Conditions and Fuel Properties on Pre-Spark Heat Release and SPI Promotion in SI Engines,” SAE Int. J. Engines 10(3):1036-1050, 2017, doi:10.4271/2017-01-0688.
- Rapp, V.H., Cannella, W.J., Chen, J., and Dibble, R.W. , “Predicting Fuel Performance for Future HCCI Engines,” Combustion Science and Technology 185(5):735-748, 2013, doi:10.1080/00102202.2012.750309.
- Sjöberg, M. and Dec, J.E. , “Combined Effects of Fuel-Type and Engine Speed on Intake Temperature Requirements and Completeness of Bulk-Gas Reactions for HCCI Combustion Reprinted From: Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines 2003,” SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3173 , 2003, doi:10.4271/2003-01-3173.
- Truedsson, I., Tuner, M., Johansson, B., and Cannella, W. , “Pressure Sensitivity of HCCI Auto-Ignition Temperature for Gasoline Surrogate Fuels,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1669 , 2013, doi:10.4271/2013-01-1669.
- Gatowski, J.A., Balies, E.N., Chun, K.M., Nelson, F.E. et al. , “Heat Release Analysis of Engine Pressure Data,” SAE Technical Paper 841359 , 1984, doi:10.4271/841359.
- ANSYS , “Chemkin-PRO 17.2,” 2016.
- Sarathy, S.M. , “Reduced Gasoline Surrogate (Toluene/n-Heptane/iso-Octane) Chemical Kinetic Model for Compression Ignition Simulations,” SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0191 , 2018, doi:10.4271/2018-01-0191.
- Vuilleumier, D., Selim, H., Dibble, R., and Sarathy, M. , “Exploration of Heat Release in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine with Primary Reference Fuels,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2622 , 2013, doi:10.4271/2013-01-2622.
- Tanaka, S., Ayala, F., Keck, J.C., and Heywood, J.B. , “Two-Stage Ignition in HCCI Combustion and HCCI Control by Fuels and Additives,” Combust. Flame. 132:219-239, 2003, doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00457-1.
- Curran, H.J., Gaffuri, P., Pitz, W.J., and Westbrook, C.K. , “A Comprehensive Modeling Study of N-Heptane Oxidation,” Combust. Flame. 114:149-177, 1998, doi:10.1002/kin.20036.
- Curran, H.J., Gaffuri, P., Pitz, W.J., and Westbrook, C.K. , “A Comprehensive Modeling Study of Iso-Octane Oxidation,” Combust. Flame. 129:253-280, 2002, doi:10.1002/kin.20036.
- Dronniou, N. and Dec, J.E. , “Investigating the Development of Thermal Stratification from the Near-Wall Regions to the Bulk-Gas in an HCCI Engine with Planar Imaging Thermometry,” SAE Int. J. Engines 5(3):1046-1074, 2012, doi:10.4271/2012-01-1111.
- Morgan, N., Smallbone, A., Bhave, A., Kraft, M. et al. , “Mapping Surrogate Gasoline Compositions into RON / MON Space,” Combust. Flame. 157:1122-1131, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.003.