This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Hydrogen Fueled ICE, Successfully Overcoming Challenges through High Pressure Direct Injection Technologies: 40 Years of Japanese Hydrogen ICE Research and Development
Technical Paper
2018-01-1145
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
After some 40 years of practical research and testing in Japan, the technology for a high pressure direct injection hydrogen internal combustion engine (ICE) with near-zero emissions free from CO2 was successfully developed by the author. Four fundamental challenges to make a hydrogen car a competitive alternative to both electric and traditional fossil fuel vehicles were successfully met. (1) Hydrogen’s lack of lubrication destroys the sealing surface of the injector nozzle. (2) Injectors must be of very small size to be installed onto the engine head where the four valves are located on each cylinder. (3) Multi-injection requires high dynamic response. (4) Liquid hydrogen tank’s internal pump would fail when bringing liquid hydrogen (LH2) to the required high pressure levels due to frictional heat. Technology solutions by this author to these challenges result in a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, delivering high specific power, and brake thermal efficiency of 40% or higher, using direct injection of hydrogen fuel. The hydrogen ICE solution using high pressure LH2 pumps, hydraulically-operated common-rail-type small gaseous hydrogen (GH2) injectors with no leakage of hydrogen gas, and a cryogenic LH2 fuel tank are detailed. Engine test performance and emission data running a 4-cylinder with a total stroke volume of 4.7-liter, 4-stroke and hybrid spark-ignition engine with diesel common-rail type injectors are presented. The advantages of an ICE over fuel cell and electric vehicle are explained. A five year plan for a development-to-production schedule of a vehicle with the high pressure direct injection hydrogen ICE is presented.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Performance of an Onboard Fuel Processor for PEM Fuel Cell Vehicles |
Technical Paper | Advanced Onboard Fuel Processor for PEM Fuel Cell Vehicles |
Technical Paper | The UNICAMP Experiments with Hydrogen Vehicles |
Citation
Yamane, K., "Hydrogen Fueled ICE, Successfully Overcoming Challenges through High Pressure Direct Injection Technologies: 40 Years of Japanese Hydrogen ICE Research and Development," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1145, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1145.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
[Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 2] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 3] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 4] |
Also In
References
- AlannaPetroff, “These Countries Want to Ban Gas and Diesel Cars”, CNN Powering Your World, @AlannaPetroff, September 11, 2017: 8:30 AM ET hppt://money.cnn.com/2017/09/11/autos/countries-banning-diesel-gas-cars/index.html.
- S.Furuhama,Y.Kobayashi andM.Iida, “A LH2 Engine Fuel System on Board – Cold GH2 Injection into Two-Strode Engine with LH2 Pump”, ASME 81-HT-81, p.1-4, 1981, Presented at the 20th Joint ASME/AIChE National Heat Transfer Conference, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 2-5, 1981.
- Furuhama, S. andKobayashi, Y., “Hydrogen Cars with LH2-Tank, LH2-Pump and Cold GH2-Injection Two-Stroke Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 820349.
- Eichlseder, H.,Wallner, T.,Freymann, R., andRingler, J., “The Potential of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines in a Future Mobility Scenario,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2003-01-2267, Future Transportation Technology Conference Costa Mesa, California, June 23-25, 2003, doi:10.4271/2003-01-2267.
- KimitakaYamane, “A Study on Hydrogen Fuelled Internal Combustion Engines for Practical Use”, the Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Engineering Conferred by Yokohama National University, June 30, 2012 (In Japanese).
- Thomas B.Johansson, HenryKelly,Amula K. N.Reddy,RobertWilliams,LaurieBurnham, “Renewable Energy: Sources For Fuels and Electricity”, Island Press, 1993, ISBN 1-55963-138-4.
- JörgAdolf,Christoph H.Balzer,JurgenLouis,UweSchabla,ManfredFischedic,KarinArnold,AndreasPastowiski,DietmarSchüwer, “Energy of the Future? Sustainable Mobility through Fuel Cells and H2”, Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH, 22284 Hamburg, www.shell.de/h2study, www.shell.com/hydorgen, Hamburg 2017.
- Shioji, M., “Progress in Thermal Efficiency of Automotive Engines,” Journal of Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan 53(9):4-9, 1999 (In Japanese).
- YoshiyukiOzawa, “Development of the Common Utilization of Hydrogen Energy”,Kogyokyoikushoryo ( Industry Education Information) Vol. 296, p.7-11, Issued by Jikkyo Shuppan Co., Ltd, July 10, 2004, (In Japanese).
- Calculation of Thermal State Variables of Nitrogen, Peace Software, Berndt Wischnewski, Richard-Wagner-Str. 49 10585 Berlin. http://www.peacesoftware.de/einigewarte/stickstoff_e.html.
- Robert D. McCarty, “Hydrogen: Its Technology and Implications, Hydrogen Properties, Vol. III”, CRC Press, Inc. 1975. ISBN 0-8493-5120-0.
- Yamane, K. andKondo, T., “A Theoretical Esimation Study on the Work Balance of a High Pressure Liquid Hydrogen Pump for a Hydrogen Direct Injection Engine with 1-liter Stroke Volume,” Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32(1):41-46, 2007.
- Tanno, S.,Ito, Y.,Michikawauchi, R., andTomita, H., “High-Efficiency and Low-NOx Hydrogen Combustion by High Pressure and Direct Injection,” Proceedings of JSAE No. 110-09JSAE Paper No. 2009569719-22, 2009 (In Japanese).
- Yamane, K.,Nogami, M.,Umemura, Y.,Oikawa, M. et al., “Development of High Pressure H2 Gas Injectors, Capable of Injection at Large Injection Rate and High Response Using a Common-rail Type Actuating System for a 4-cylinder, 4.7-liter Total Displacement, Spark Ignition Hydrogen Engine,” SAE Paper No. 2011-01-2005, 2011 JSAE/SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants held in Kyoto, doi:https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2005.
- Bradley, J.N. andCraggs, P., “The Reaction of Hydrogen with Nitric Oxide at High Temperature,” Symposium (International) on Combustion 15(1):833-842, 1975.
- Welch, A.,Mumford, D.,Munshi, S.,Holbery, J. et al., “Challenges in Developing Hydrogen Direct Injection Technology for Internal Combustion Engines,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2008-01-2379, Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Rosemont, Illinois, October 6-9, 2008, doi:10.4271/2008-01-2379.
- Kawamura, A.,Sato, Y.,Naganuma, K.,Yamane, K., andTakagi, Y., “Development Project of a Multi-cylinder DISI Hydrogen ICE System for Heay Duty Vehicles,” SAE Technical Paper No. 2010-01-2175, doi:10.4271/2010-01-2175.
- KimitakaYamane, “Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technologies – The 20 K Refrigeration System Development and Hydrogen Engines Automobiles”, Superconductivity Web21 published by International Superconductivity Technology Center, Date of Issue: October 14, p.1-5, 2011 (In Japanese).
- J.Baik, “Zero-Boil-Off Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank”, NASA/CR -2009-215441, http://www.nttc.edu/sbipp/technologyportfolios/portfolios/ISS-Propellant_T-S/Archive%5C20090021325.
- Thomas B. Johansson,KesMcCormick,LeanNeij,WimTurkenburg, “The Potentials of Renewable Energy”, International Conference for Renewable Energies, Bonn, Jan. 2004.