This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Continuously Varying Exhaust Outlet Diameter to Improve Efficiency and Emissions of a Small SI Natural Gas Two-Stroke Engine by Internal EGR
Technical Paper
2018-01-0985
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
With continuously increasing concern for the emissions from two-stroke engines including regulated hydrocarbon (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions, non-road engines are implementing proven technologies from the on-road market. For example, four stroke diesel generators now include additional internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) via an intake/exhaust valve passage. EGR can offer benefits of reduced HC, NOx, and may even improve combustion stability and fuel efficiency. In addition, there is particular interest in use of natural gas as fuel for home power generation. This paper examines exhaust throttling applied to the Helmholtz resonator of a two-stroke, port injected, natural gas engine. The 34 cc engine was air cooled and operated at wide-open throttle (WOT) conditions at an engine speed of 5400 RPM with fueling adjusted to achieve maximum brake torque.
Exhaust throttling served as a method to decrease the effective diameter of the outlet of the convergent cone. Throttling balanced energy and exergy flows by acting as a source of internal EGR and lowering combustion temperatures, which yielded lower heat transfer. Though exhaust throttling improved efficiency, it deteriorated power density by affecting both trapping and scavenging efficiencies. In-cylinder pressure was used to investigate combustion phasing, heat release rate, and trapped mass inside the cylinder. Exhaust throttling had a negative impact on the delivery ratio and positive impact on trapping efficiency by inducing backpressure on the exhaust port. NOx and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions decreased for throttled cases.
Authors
- Mahdi Darzi - West Virginia University
- Derek Johnson - West Virginia University
- Ramanjaneya Mehar Ba Bade - West Virginia University
- Christopher Ulishney - West Virginia University
- Nima Zamani Meymian - West Virginia University
- Nigel Clark - West Virginia University
- Gregory Thompson - West Virginia University
- Parviz Famouri - West Virginia University
Topic
Citation
Darzi, M., Johnson, D., Bade, R., Ulishney, C. et al., "Continuously Varying Exhaust Outlet Diameter to Improve Efficiency and Emissions of a Small SI Natural Gas Two-Stroke Engine by Internal EGR," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0985, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0985.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
[Unnamed Dataset 1] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 2] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 3] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 4] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 5] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 6] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 7] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 8] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 9] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 10] | ||
[Unnamed Dataset 11] |
Also In
References
- United States Environmental Protection Agency , “Emissions Standards Reference Guide for On-Road and Nonroad Vehicles and Engines,” https://www.epa.gov/emission-standards-reference-guide, accessed Aug 2017.
- Heywood, J.B. , “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, Vol. 930,” (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1988), ISBN:9780070286375.
- Willard, W.P. , “Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine,” (New Jersey, Editorial Prentice Hall, 2004), ISBN:9781292027296.
- Miyasaka, Y., Matsuyama, J., Watanabe, K., Asai, K. et al. , “Comparison of Combustion Characteristics under Internal EGR and External EGR in a DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2010-08-0478 , 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-0478.
- Fernandes, H., Pimenta, C., Rodrigues, W., de Souza Montemor, R. et al. , “Experimental Investigation of Internal Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Variable Valve Actuation Spark Ignition Engine Operating with Gasoline and Ethanol,” SAE Technical Paper 2016-36-0399 , 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-01-0399.
- Besch, M., Covington, A., Johnson, D., Fowler, N. et al. , “Effects of EGR Addition onto Combustion Stability and Alternator Performance Variability of a Small, Single-Cylinder Diesel Generator,” SAE Technical Paper 2016-32-0063 , 2016, doi:10.4271/2016-32-0063.
- Johnson, D., Besch, M., Fowler, N., Heltzel, R. et al. , “Addition of Exhaust Gas Recirculation onto a Large-Bore, Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engine, and its Effects on Fuel Consumption, Emissions, and Combustion,” Proceedings of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Conference, ICEF2016-9457, 2016, doi:10.115/ICEF2016-9457.
- Hu, E. and Huang, Z. , “Optimization on Ignition Timing and EGR Ratio of a Spark-Ignition Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends,” SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0918 , 2011, doi:10.4271/2011-01-0918.
- Johnson, D., Darzi, M ,, Ulishney, C., Bade, M., and Zamani, N. , “Methods to Improve Combustion Stability, Efficiency, and Power Density of a Small, Port-Injected, Spark-Ignited, Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engine,” ASME. Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, Volume 2: Emissions Control Systems; Instrumentation, Controls, and Hybrids; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design and Mechanical Development ():V002T07A008, 2017, doi:10.1115/ICEF2017-3557.
- Sher, E., and Heywood, I. , “The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine-Its Development, Operation and Design,” (USA, Taylor & Francis Publishers, 1999), ISBN:1-56032-831-2, SAE Order-No. R-267.
- Blair, G.P. , “Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines,” (Warrendale, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1996), ISBN:978-1-56091-685-7.
- Adair, J., Olsen, D., and Kirkpatrick, A. , “Exhaust Tuning of Large-Bore, Multi-Cylinder, Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engines,” Int. J. Eng. Res. 7(2):131-141, 2006, doi:10.1243/146808705X58297.
- Obodeh, O. and Ogbor, A.D. , “Improving the Performance of Two-Stroke Motorcycle with Tuned Adjustable Exhaust Pipe,” Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 1(2):59-65, 2009.
- Gustafsson, R. , “A Practical Application to Reduce Exhausts Emissions on a Two-Stroke Engine with a Tuned Exhaust Pipe,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-32-0054 , 2006, doi:10.4271/2006-32-0054.
- Alkaff, S.A. and Khan, M.A. , “A New Strategy to Achieve Radical Combustion through Exhaust Port Throttling for Two Stroke Engine,” International Journal of Engineering (IJE) 4(2):139.
- Zheng, J., Miller, D., Cernansky, N., Liu, D. et al. , “The Effect of Active Species in Internal EGR on Preignition Reactivity and on Reducing UHC and CO Emissions in Homogeneous Charge Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-1831 , 2003, doi:10.4271/2003-01-1831.
- Watson, F. and Hong, G. , “Application of Exhaust Pipe Restriction Technique to a Small Two-Stroke Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-32-0032 , 2007, doi:10.4271/2007-01-0032.
- Hurakadli, R., Pujar, A., Kulkarni, C., and Hurakadli, R. , “Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Emission of Two-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine,” Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) 4(4):125, 2015.
- Dinesh, K. and Aravind, S. , “A Survey of EGR System in 2-Stroke SI Engine in Two Wheeler,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering, and Technology 5(11), 2016 https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2016/november/61_25_A%20Survey.pdf .
- Darzi M, Johnson D, Ulishney C, Bade M et al. , “Baseline Evaluation of Ignition Timing and Compression Ratio Configurations on Efficiency and Combustion Stability of a Small-Bore, Two-Stroke, Natural Gas Engine,” ASME. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 6: Energy ():V006T08A002. doi:10.1115/IMECE2017-70078.
- Javaheri, A., Esfahanian, V., Salavati, Z.A., Darzi, M. et al. , “Investigation of Natural Gas Composition Effects on Knock Phenomenon in SI Gas Engines Using Detailed Chemistry,” Applied Mechanics and Materials 493:239-244, 2014, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.493.239, Trans Tech Publications.
- Salavati-Zadeh, A.; Darzi. M, Esfahanian, V., Javaheri, A. et al. , “Experimental and Detailed Kinetic Investigation on the Effects of Natural Gas Composition on Emission of the Gas Fuelled SI Engines,” Proceedings of FISITA 2014 World Automotive Congress, June 2014, the Netherland, FISITA 2014/F2014-CET-157.
- Afkhami, B., Wang, Y., Miers, S. A., and Naber, J. D. , “Experimental Study of Flame Stretch under Engine-Like Conditions,” ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, V001T03A015-V001T03A015, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017.
- Rahimi Boldaji, M., Sofianopoulos, A., Mamalis, S., Lawler B. “CFD Simulations of the Effect of Water Injection Characteristics on TSCI: A New, Load-Flexible,” Advanced Combustion Concept ASME. Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion ():V001T03A019. doi:10.1115/ICEF2017-3662.
- Johnson, D., Heltzel, R., Nix, A., Clark, N. et al. , “Regulated Gaseous Emissions from In-use High Horsepower Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing Engines,” J. Pollut. Eff. Cont. 5:187, 2017, doi:10.4176/2375-4397.1000187.
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) , “Exhaust Emission Testing of Orbital 50cc Direct Injection Two-Stroke Engine,” Office of Mobile Sources, US EPA, Air and Radiation, EPA420-R-96-001, 1996.
- M. Ghazikhani, Feyz, M.E., Joharchi, A. , “Experimental Investigation of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation Effects on Irreversibility and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption of Indirect Injection Diesel Engines,” Applied Thermal Engineering 30(13):1711-1718, 2010, ISSN:1359-4311, doi:10.1016/2010.03.030.
- Javaheri, A., Esfahanian, V., Salavati, Z., Darzi, M. , “Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of a Variable Compression Ratio Spark Ignition Gas Engine,” Energy Conversion and Management 88:739-748, 2014, ISSN:0196-8904, DOI:10.1016/2014.09.009.
- Johnson, D.R., Heltzel, R., Nix, A.C., Clark, N. et al. , “Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency of In-Use High Horsepower Diesel, Dual Fuel, and Natural Gas Engines for Unconventional Well Development,” Applied Energy 206:739-750, 2017, ISSN:0306-2619, doi:10.1016/2017.08.234.