This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Potentials of External Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Water Injection for the Improvement in Fuel Economy of a Poppet Valve 2-Stroke Gasoline Engine Equipped with a Two-Stage Serial Charging System
Technical Paper
2018-01-0859
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Engine downsizing is one of the most effective means to improve the fuel economy of spark ignition (SI) gasoline engines because of lower pumping and friction losses. However, the occurrence of knocking combustion or even low-speed pre-ignition at high loads is a severe problem. One solution to significantly increase the upper load range of a 4-stroke gasoline engine is to use 2-stroke cycle due to the double firing frequency at the same engine speed. It was found that a 0.7 L two-cylinder 2-stroke poppet valve gasoline engine equipped with a two-stage serial boosting system, comprising a supercharger and a downstream turbocharger, could replace a 1.6 L naturally aspirated 4-stroke gasoline engine in our previous research, but its fuel economy was close to that of the 4-stroke engine at upper loads due to knocking combustion. Two promising approaches, including external exhaust gas recirculation (eEGR) and water injection (WI), were investigated to improve the fuel economy of the 2-stroke engine by means of a 1-D simulation. Knocking combustion is limited by elongated combustion process and suppressed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl (OH) for eEGR approach, and by decreased in-cylinder temperature for WI approach. The latter approach is more effective for mitigating knocking combustion of the 2-stroke engine than the former approach. Injected water temperature has minor effect on knocking combustion, and its increase could be offset by slightly increased amount of water. Improved fuel economy with increased in-cylinder peak pressure is achieved by increased water quantity, and becomes more obvious at higher compression ratio. The fuel economy of the 2-stroke engine at upper loads is obviously improved at different engine speeds when WI approach is applied to suppress knocking combustion, and it is increased about 20% relative to that of the 4-stroke engine.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Fuel Effects in a Boosted DISI Engine |
| Technical Paper | Characteristics of Combustion Stability and Emission in SCCI and CAI Combustion Based on Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine |
Authors
Citation
Fu, X., He, B., Xu, S., and Zhao, H., "Potentials of External Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Water Injection for the Improvement in Fuel Economy of a Poppet Valve 2-Stroke Gasoline Engine Equipped with a Two-Stage Serial Charging System," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0859, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0859.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 |
Also In
References
- Mock P. 2014
- Mike B. 2013
- Zhao , H. Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development Cambridge England Woodhead Publishing Limited 2010 978-1-84569-389-3
- Attard , W. , Konidaris , S. , Toulson , E. , and Watson , H. The Feasibility of Downsizing a 1.25 Liter Normally Aspirated Engine to a 0.43 Liter Highly Turbocharged Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-24-0083 2007 10.4271/2007-24-0083
- Silva , C. , Ross , M. , and Farias , T. Analysis and Simulation of “Low-Cost” Strategies to Reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Conventional Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles Energy Conversion and Management 50 2 215 222 2009 10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.046
- Ito , N. , Ohta , T. , Kono , R. , Arikawa , S. et al. Development of a 4-Cylinder Gasoline Engine with a Variable Flow Turbo-Charger SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0263 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0263
- Turner , J. , Popplewell , A. , Patel , R. , Johnson , T. et al. Ultra Boost for Economy: Extending the Limits of Extreme Engine Downsizing SAE Int. J. Engines 7 1 387 417 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1185
- Hudson , C. , Gao , X. , and Stone , R. Knock Measurement for Fuel Evaluation in Spark Ignition Engines Fuel 80 3 395 407 2001 10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00080-6
- Amann , M. , Alger , T. , and Mehta , D. The Effect of EGR on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition in Boosted SI Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 235 245 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0339
- Zhen , X. , Wang , Y. , Xu , S. , Zhu , Y. et al. The Engine Knock Analysis- An Overview Applied Energy 92 628 636 2012 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.079
- Knoll , R. AVL Two-Stroke Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 981038 1998 10.4271/981038
- Ma , J. , Zhao , H. , Freeland , P. , Hawley , M. et al. Numerical Analysis of a Downsized 2-Stroke Uniflow Engine SAE International Journal of Engines 7 4 2035 2044 2014 10.4271/2014-01-9051
- Ma , J. and Zhao , H. The Modeling and Design of a Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct Injection Gasoline (BUSDIG) Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1970 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1970
- Wang , X. , Ma , J. , and Zhao , H. Evaluations of Scavenge Port Designs for a Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct Injection Gasoline (BUSDIG) Engine by 3D CFD Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1049 2016 10.4271/2016-01-1049
- Wang , X. , Ma , J. , and Zhao , H. Analysis of the Effect of Intake Plenum Design on the Scavenging Process in a 2-Stroke Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct Injection Gasoline (BUSDIG) Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-1031 2017 10.4271/2017-01-1031
- Ma J. 2014
- Hundleby , G. Development of a Poppet-Valved Two-Stroke Engine - the Flagship Concept SAE Technical Paper 900802 1990 10.4271/900802
- Zhang , Y. , Zhao , H. , Ojapah , M. , and Cairns , A. CAI Combustion of Gasoline and its Mixture with Ethanol in a 2-Stroke Poppet Valve DI Gasoline Engine Fuel 109 661 668 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.002
- Benajes , J. , Novella , R. , De Lima , D. , and Tribotte , P. Analysis of Combustion Concepts in a Newly Designed Two-Stroke High-Speed Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine International Journal of Engine Research 16 1 52 67 2014 10.1177/1468087414562867
- Fu , X. , He , B. , and Zhao , H. The Upper-Load Extension of a Boosted Direct Injection Poppet Valve Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2339 2016 10.4271/2016-01-2339
- Wyczalek , F. Two-Stroke Engine Technology in the 1990’s SAE Technical Paper 910663 1991 10.4271/910663
- Heywood , J.B. , Sher , E. The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine: Its Development, Operation, and Design New York Taylor & Francis 1999 ISBN 1-56032-831-2
- Onishi , S. , Jo , S. , Shoda , K. , Jo , P. et al. Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC) - a New Combustion Process for Internal Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 790501 1979 10.4271/790501
- Noguchi , M. , Tanaka , Y. , Tanaka , T. , and Takeuchi , Y. A Study on Gasoline Engine Combustion by Observation of Intermediate Reactive Products during Combustion SAE Technical Paper 790840 1979 10.4271/790840
- Zhao , H. HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry Cambridge England Woodhead Publishing Limited 2007 978-1-84569-128-8
- Grandin , B. and Ångström , H. Replacing Fuel Enrichment in a Turbo Charged SI Engine: Lean Burn or Cooled EGR SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3505 1999 10.4271/1999-01-3505
- Potteau , S. , Lutz , P. , Leroux , S. , Moroz , S. et al. Cooled EGR for a Turbo SI Engine to Reduce Knocking and Fuel Consumption SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3978 2007 10.4271/2007-01-3978
- Alger , T. , Chauvet , T. , and Dimitrova , Z. Synergies between High EGR Operation and GDI Systems SAE Int. J. Engines 1 1 101 114 2009 10.4271/2008-01-0134
- Francqueville , L. and Michel , J. On the Effects of EGR on Spark-Ignited Gasoline Combustion at High Load SAE Int. J. Engines 7 4 1808 1823 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2628
- Hoppe , F. , Thewes , M. , Baumgarten , H. , and Dohmen , J. Water Injection for Gasoline Engines: Potentials, Challenges, and Solutions International Journal of Engine Research 17 1 86 96 2015 10.1177/1468087415599867
- Soyelmez , M.S. Water Injection Effects on the Performance of Four-Cylinder, LPG Fuelled SI Engine J. Bacteriol. Parasitol. S1 1 591 593 2013 10.4172/scientificreports.591
- Busuttil , D.F.M. and Farrugia , M. Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Injecting Water to the Air to Fuel Mixture in a Spark Ignition Engine MM (Mod Mach) Sci J. 2015(1) 2015 585 590 2015
- Bozza , F. , De Bellis , V. , and Teodosio , L. Potentials of Cooled EGR and Water Injection for Knock Resistance and Fuel Consumption Improvements of Gasoline Engines Applied Energy 169 112 125 2016 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.129
- Li , Z. , He , B.-Q. , and Zhao , H. Influences of Intake Ports and Pent-Roof Structures on the Flow Characteristics of a Poppet-Valved Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine Int. J. Engine Res 17 10 1 15 2016 10.1177/1468087416640439
- Tsurushima , T. A New Skeletal PRF Kinetic Model for HCCI Combustion Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32 2 2835 2841 2009 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.018
- Sato , K. , Ukawa , H. , and Nakano , M. A Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline Engine with Poppet Valves in the Cylinder Head - Part II SAE Technical Paper 920780 1992 10.4271/920780
- Wang , Z. , Li , F. , and Wang , Y. A Generalized Kinetic Model with Variable Octane Number for Engine Knock Prediction Fuel 188 489 499 2017 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.067
- Ando , H. , Sakai , Y. , and Kuwahara , K. Universal Rule of Hydrocarbon Oxidation SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0948 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0948
- Teodosio , L. , De Bellis , V. , and Bozza , F. Fuel Economy Improvement and Knock Tendency Reduction of a Downsized Turbocharged Engine at Full Load Operations through a Low-Pressure EGR System SAE Int. J. Engines 8 4 1508 1519 2015 10.4271/2015-01-1244
- Yan J. , Yu X. , Wang Y. Thermodynamic Property Tables and Diagram for Water and Steam Beijing Higher Education Press 2014 978-7-04-042671-7
- Wolfgang W. , Hans-Joachim K. Properties of Water and Steam Based on the Industrial Formulation IAPWS-IF97 Berlin Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 2007 978-3-540-21419-9
- Blair , G. and Kenny , R. Further Developments in Scavenging Analysis for Two-Cycle Engines SAE Technical Paper 800038 1980 10.4271/800038