This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Frontal, Lateral, and Free-Operation Impacts of Amusement Bumper Cars: Vehicle Kinematics and Occupant Kinematics
Technical Paper
2018-01-0543
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This study conducted a series of rear-impact, side-impact, barrier, and free-operation collisions using a bumper car ride at an active amusement park. Two conditions were studied: staged and free operation. Each staged test included a bullet (impacting) vehicle operated by a rider and a target (impacted) static vehicle or structure. Impact configurations of frontal collisions of the bullet vehicle into the rear and side of a target vehicle were consistent with the existing literature. The free operation condition involved collisions which were not pre-determined, and operators may not have been prepared for collision timing, magnitude, and direction. Results demonstrated high repeatability for vehicle parameters, such as impact velocity, change in velocity, and peak acceleration. Peak changes in velocity during vehicle-to-vehicle collisions were 2.2-2.5 m/s (8-8.9 km/hr; 5-5.5 mph) for the target vehicle and 1.6-1.8 m/s (5.6-6.4 km/hr; 3.5-4 mph) for the bullet vehicle, while those during vehicle-to-retaining barrier collisions were approximately 3.6 m/s (13 km/hr; 8 mph). Coefficients of restitution and overall vehicle and occupant kinematics were similar to prior bumper car studies, and collision magnitudes were similar in the free-operation test to the staged, single-axis collisions. Bumper cars present a model environment to study vehicle and occupant kinematics in vehicle collisions that are within human tolerance and include aware but possibly unprepared occupants. This is relevant to establishing occupant kinematics in and limits to autonomous vehicle emergency handling maneuvers.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Bussone, W., Moore, T., Locey, C., and Cargill, R., "Frontal, Lateral, and Free-Operation Impacts of Amusement Bumper Cars: Vehicle Kinematics and Occupant Kinematics," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0543, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0543.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 9 |
Also In
References
- Siegmund , G.P. and Williamson , P.B. Speed Change (ΔV) of Amusement Park Bumper Cars Proceedings of the Canadian Multidisciplinary Road Safety Conference VIII 1993
- Meyer , S. , Hugemann , W. , and Weber , M. Zur Belastung der Halswirbelsäule durch Auffahrunfälle - Teil 1 Verkehrsunfall und Fahrzeugtechnik 1 15 21 1994
- Castro , W.M.H. , Schilgen , M. , Meyer , S. , Weber , M. et al. Do ‘Whiplash Injuries’ Occur in Low-Speed Rear Impacts? European Spine Journal 6 366 375 1997
- Meyer , S. , Becke , M. , Kalthoff , W. , and Castro , W. 1999
- Vijayakumar , V. , Scher , I. , Gloeckner , D.C. , Pierce , J. et al. Head Kinematics and Upper Neck Loading during Simulated Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions: A Comparison with Vigorous Activities of Daily Living SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0247 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0247
- Mkandawire , C. , Mazzucco , D. , Vijayakumar , V. , Scher , I. , et al. Head Kinematics and Upper Neck Loading during Simulated Low-Speed Lateral Impact Collisions Proceedings of FISITA 2006 World Automotive Congress 2006
- Heller , M. , Mkandawire , C. , Gloeckner , D.C. , Bussone , W. et al. Head Motion in the Coronal Plane during Low-Speed Lateral Impact Collisions Journal of Biomechanics 40 S90 2007 10.1016/S0021-9290(07)70087-8
- Weber , M. Unfallanalyse und Biomechanik Orthopade 39 264 275 2010 10.1007/s00132-009-1544-1
- Arbogast , K.B. , Balasubramanian , S. , Seacrist , T. , Maltese , M.R. et al. Comparison of Kinematic Responses of the Head and Spine for Children and Adults in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests Stapp Car Crash Journal 53 329 372 2009
- Seacrist , T. , Balasubramanian , S. , García-España , J.F. , Maltese , M.R. et al. Kinematic Comparison of Pediatric Human Volunteers and the Hybrid III 6-Year-Old Anthropomorphic Test Device Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine 54 97 108 2010
- Seacrist , T. , Arbogast , K.B. , Maltese , M.R. , Felipe García-Espaňa , J. et al. Kinetics of the Cervical Spine in Pediatric and Adult Volunteers during Low Speed Frontal Impacts Journal of Biomechanics 45 1 99 106 2012 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.09.016
- Wilcoxon , K.T. Occupant Restraint Design for Commercial Go-Karts SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1294 1999 10.4271/1999-01-1294
- Kloppenborg , N. , Amenson , T. , Wernik , J. , and Wiechel , J. Vehicle and Occupant Response in Low-Speed Go-Kart Crash Tests Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition 2015 10.1115/IMECE2015-53585
- Beeman , S.M. , Kemper , A.R. , Madigan , M.L. , and Duma , S.M. Effects of Bracing on Human Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests Annals of Biomedical Engineering 39 12 2998 3010 2011 10.1007/s10439-011-0379-1
- ASTM International
- ASTM International
- Mertz , H.J. , Jarrett , K. , Moss , S. et al. The Hybrid III 10-Year-Old Dummy SAE Technical Paper 2001-22-0014 2001 10.4271/2001-22-0014
- ASTM International
- SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice
- Howard , R.P. , Bomar , J. , and Bare , C. Vehicle Restitution Response in Low Velocity Collisions SAE Technical Paper 931842 1993 10.4271/931842
- Tanner , C.B. , Wiechel , J.F. , Bixel , R.A. , Cheng , P.H. et al. Coefficients of Restitution for Low and Moderate Speed Impacts with Non-Standard Impact Configurations SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0891 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0891
- Cipriani , A.L. , Bayan , F.P. , Woodhouse , M.L. , Cornetto , A.D. et al. Low Speed Collinear Impact Severity: A Comparison between Full Scale Testing and Analytical Prediction Tools with Restitution Analysis SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0540 2002 10.4271/2002-01-0540
- Scher , I. , Cargill , R. , Vijayakumar , V. , Richards , D. , and Kuzel , M. Examining Bumper Cars as a Surrogate for Low-Speed Rear-End and Frontal Collisions Journal of Biomechanics 39 S146 2006 10.1016/S0021-9290(06)83488-3
- Kildare , S. and Digges , K. Characteristics of Crashes with Multiple Frontal Impacts Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) 2013
- Vitet , S. and Schebdat , H. Safety Benefit Evaluation of Secondary Collision Mitigation Braking Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) 2017
- Bastien , C. , Blundell , M.V. , and Neal-Sturgess , C. A Study into the Kinematic Response for Unbelted Human Occupants during Emergency Braking International Journal of Crashworthiness 22 6 689 703 2017 10.1080/13588265.2017.1301080
- Kusano , K.D. 2013
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/clinical_charts.htm