This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Spray Variability Effects on Flow Variability in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Under Non-Combusting Operating Conditions
Technical Paper
2018-01-0196
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Large-eddy Simulations (LES) have been carried out to investigate spray variability and its effect on cycle-to-cycle flow variability in a direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine under non-reacting conditions. Initial simulations were performed of an injector in a constant volume spray chamber to validate the simulation spray set-up. Comparisons showed good agreement in global spray measures such as the penetration. Local mixing data and shot-to-shot variability were also compared using Rayleigh-scattering images and probability contours. The simulations were found to reasonably match the local mixing data and shot-to-shot variability using a random-seed perturbation methodology. After validation, the same spray set-up with only minor changes was used to simulate the same injector in an optically accessible DISI engine. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were used to quantify the flow velocity in a horizontal plane intersecting the spark plug gap. The engine was operated in a skip-fired operating mode and comparisons focused on cycles that included fuel injection, but no spark event and therefore no combustion. 105 total LES engine cycles were simulated using a parallel cycle simulation approach and 3 different perturbation methods in an attempt to isolate the effects of shot-to-shot spray variability and the initial turbulent flow field as well as their interaction effects on overall engine CCVs. The experimental mean and standard deviations were reasonably well matched by the simulations, though quantitative comparisons near the injection event during the intake stroke were difficult due to the high uncertainty in the PIV measurements at these crank angles. The 3 simulation perturbation methods resulted in very similar results, though further analysis found the current parallel cycle approach may be limiting the ability of the simulations to isolate the spray and flow effects.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Van Dam, N., Sjöberg, M., and Som, S., "Large-Eddy Simulations of Spray Variability Effects on Flow Variability in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Under Non-Combusting Operating Conditions," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0196, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0196.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 |
Also In
References
- Zhao , F. , Lai , M.-C. , and Harrington , D.L. Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 25 5 437 562 1999 10.1016/S0360-1285(99)00004-0
- Eckerle , W. and Rutland , C. A Workshop to Identify Research Needs and Impacts in Predictive Simulation for Internal Combustion Engines (PreSICE) Arlington, VA 2011
- Richard , S. , Colin , O. , Vermorel , O. , Benkenida , A. et al. Towards Large Eddy Simulation of Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31 2 3059 3066 2007 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.086
- Vermorel , O. , Richard , S. , Colin , O. , Angelberger , C. et al. Multi-Cycle LES Simulations of Flow and Combustion in a PFI SI 4-Valve Production Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0151 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0151
- Vermorel , O. , Richard , S. , Colin , O. , Angelberger , C. et al. Towards the Understanding of Cyclic Variability in a Spark Ignited Engine Using Multi-cycle LES Combustion and Flame 156 8 1525 1541 2009 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.04.007
- Enaux , B. , Granet , V. , Vermorel , O. , Lacour , C. et al. Large Eddy Simulation of a Motored Single-Cylinder Piston Engine: Numerical Strategies and Validation Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 86 2 153 177 2011 10.1007/s10494-010-9299-7
- Enaux , B. , Granet , V. , Vermorel , O. , Lacour , C. et al. LES Study of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in a Spark Ignition Engine Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 2 3115 3122 2011 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.038
- Granet , V. , Vermorel , O. , Lacour , C. , Enaux , B. et al. Large-Eddy Simulation and Experimental Study of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of Stable and Unstable Operating Points in a Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Flame 159 4 1562 1575 2012 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.11.018
- Pera , C. and Angelberger , C. Large Eddy Simulation of a Motored Single-Cylinder Engine Using System Simulation to Define Boundary Conditions: Methodology and Validation SAE International Journal of Engines 4 1 948 963 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0834
- Sick , V. , Reuss , D. , Abraham , P. , Alharbi , A. et al. A Common Engine Platform for Engine LES Development and Validation Angelberger C. Les Rencontres Scientifiques d’IFP Energies Nouvelles: International Conference on LES for Internal Combustion Engine Flows (LES4ICE) Rueil-Malmaison IFP Energies Nouvelle 2010
- Abraham , P. , Liu , K. , Haworth , D. , Reuss , D. et al. Evaluating Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with Phase-Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue d’IFP Energies Nouvelles 69 1 41 59 2013 10.2516/ogst/2013126
- Liu , K. and Haworth , D.C. Development and Assessment of POD for Analysis of Turbulent Flow in Piston Engines SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0830 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0830
- Liu , K. , Haworth , D.C. , Yang , X. , and Gopalakrishnan , V. Large-Eddy Simulation of Motored Flow in a Two-Valve Piston Engine: POD Analysis and Cycle-to-Cycle Variations Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 91 2 373 403 2013 10.1007/s10494-013-9475-7
- Kuo , T. , Yang , X. , Gopalakrishnan , V. , and Chen , Z. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for IC Engine Flows Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue d’IFP Energies Nouvelles 69 1 61 81 2013 10.2516/ogst/2013127
- Yang , X. , Gupta , S. , Kuo , T.-W. , and Gopalakrishnan , V. RANS and Large Eddy Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine Flows-A Comparative Study Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136 5 051507 2014 10.1115/1.4026165
- Van Dam , N. and Rutland , C. Understanding In-Cylinder Flow Variability Using Large-Eddy Simulations Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138 10 102809 2016 10.1115/1.4033064
- Banaeizadeh , A. , Afshari , A. , Schock , H. , and Jaberi , F. Large Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows in IC Engines Proceedings of the ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference IDETC/CIE 2008 Brooklyn, New York 2008
- Banaeizadeh , A. , Afshari , A. , Schock , H. , and Jaberi , F. Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows in Internal Combustion Engines International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 60 781 796 2013 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.065
- Ameen , M.M. , Yang , X. , Kuo , T. , Xue , Q. , et al. LES for Simulating the Gas Exchange Process in a Spark Ignition Engine ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ASME, ISBN 978-0-7918-5728-1: V002T06A001 2015 10.1115/ICEF2015-1002
- Koch , J. , Schmitt , M. , Wright , Y.M. , Steurs , K. et al. LES Multi-Cycle Analysis of the Combustion Process in a Small SI Engine SAE International Journal of Engines 7 1 269 285 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1138
- Montorfano , A. , Piscaglia , F. , Onorati , A. , and Milano , P. A LES Study on the Evolution of Turbulent Structures in Moving Engine Geometries by an Open-Source CFD Code SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1147 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1147
- Jupudi , R.S. , Finney , C.E.A. , Primus , R. , Wijeyakulasuriya , S. et al. Application of High Performance Computing for Simulating Cycle-to-Cycle Variation in Dual-Fuel Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0798 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0798
- Qin , W. , Xu , M. , Yin , P. , and Hung , D.L.S. Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of In-cylinder Vortex Structure and Vorticity using Phase-Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition JSAE Technical Paper 20159033 2015
- Janas , P. , Wlokas , I. , Böhm , B. , and Kempf , A. On the Evolution of the Flow Field in a Spark Ignition Engine Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 98 1 237 264 2017 10.1007/s10494-016-9744-3
- Ameen , M.M. , Yang , X. , Kuo , T.-W. , and Som , S. Parallel Methodology to Capture Cyclic Variability in Motored Engines International Journal of Engine Research 18 4 366 377 2017 10.1177/1468087416662544
- Chen , H. , Hung , D.L.S. , Xu , M. , and Zhong , J. Analyzing the Cycle-To-Cycle Variations of Pulsing Spray Characteristics by Means of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Atomization and Sprays 23 7 623 641 2013 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2013007851
- Van Dam , N. and Rutland , C. Uncertainty Quantification of Large-Eddy Spray Simulations Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification 1 2 021006 2016 10.1115/1.4032196
- Blessinger , M. , Manin , J. , Skeen , S.A. , Meijer , M. et al. Quantitative Mixing Measurements and Stochastic Variability of a Vaporizing Gasoline Direct-Injection Spray International Journal of Engine Research 16 2 238 252 2015 10.1177/1468087414531971
- Adomeit , P. , Lang , O. , Pischinger , S. , Aymanns , R. et al. Analysis of Cyclic Fluctuations of Charge Motion and Mixture Formation in a DISI Engine in Stratified Operation SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1412 2007 10.4271/2007-01-1412
- Goryntsev , D. , Sadiki , A. , and Janicka , J. Towards Large Eddy Simulation of Spray Combustion in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1884 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1887
- Goryntsev , D. , Sadiki , A. , and Janicka , J. Cycle-to-Cycle Variations Based Unsteady Effects on Spray Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines by Using LES SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0399 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0399
- Fontanesi , S. , Paltrinieri , S. , D’Adamo , A. , and Duranti , S. Investigation of Boundary Condition and Field Distribution Effects on the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Turbocharged GDI Engine Using LES Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue d’IFP Energies Nouvelles 69 1 107 128 2013 10.2516/ogst/2013142
- Fontanesi , S. , Paltrinieri , S. , and Cantore , G. LES Analysis of Cyclic Variability in a GDI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1148 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1148
- Zeng , W. , Sjöberg , M. , and Reuss , D.L. Combined Effects of Flow/Spray Interactions and EGR on Combustion Variability for a Stratified DISI Engine Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35 3 2907 2914 2015 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.106
- Sandia National Laboratories http://www.sandia.gov/ecn/
- Zeng , W. , Sjöberg , M. , and Reuss , D.L. PIV Examination of Spray-Enhanced Swirl Flow for Combustion Stabilization in a Spray-Guided Stratified-Charge Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine International Journal of Engine Research 16 3 306 322 2015 10.1177/1468087414564605
- Richards , K. , Senecal , P. , and Pomraning , E. CONVERGE Manual - CONVERGE CFD 2.3 Madison, WI 2016
- Pomraning , E. and Rutland , C.J. Dynamic One-Equation Nonviscosity Large-Eddy Simulation Model AIAA Journal 40 4 689 701 2002 10.2514/2.1701
- Amsden , A.A. , O’Rourke , P.J. , and Butler , T.D. KIVA-II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays LA-11560-MS, Los Alamos, NM 1989
- Beale , J.C. and Reitz , R.D. Modeling Spray Atomization with the Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model Atomization and Sprays 9 6 623 650 1999 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v9.i6.40
- Senecal , P.K. , Richards , K.J. , Pomraning , E. , Yang , T. et al. A New Parallel Cut-Cell Cartesian CFD Code for Rapid Grid Generation Applied to In-Cylinder Diesel Engine Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0159 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0159
- Frössling , N. Über die Verdunstung fallender Tropfen Gerlands Beiträge Zur Geophysik 52 1 170 216 1938
- Ranz , W.E. and Marshall , W.R. Jr. Evaporation from Drops Chemical Engineering Progress 148 141 146 1952
- Faeth , G.M. Current Status of Droplet and Liquid Combustion Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 3 4 191 224 1977 10.1016/0360-1285(77)90012-0
- Schmidt , D.P. and Rutland , C.J. A New Droplet Collision Algorithm Journal of Computational Physics 164 1 62 80 2000 10.1006/jcph.2000.6568
- Liu , A.B. , Mather , D. , and Reitz , R.D. Modeling the Effects of Drop Drag and Breakup on Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 930072 1993 10.4271/930072
- Van Dam , N. and Rutland , C. Adapting Diesel Large-Eddy Simulation Spray Models for Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Applications International Journal of Engine Research 17 3 291 315 2016 10.1177/1468087415572034
- Van Dam , N. , Zeng , W. , Sjöberg , M. , and Som , S. Parallel Multi-cycle LES of an Optical Pent-roof DISI Engine under Motored Operating Conditions Proceedings of the ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Fall Technical Conference, ASME Seattle, WA 2017 10.1115/ICEF2017-3603
- Chen , Y. , Wolk , B. , Mehl , M. , Cheng , W.K. et al. Development of a Reduced Chemical Mechanism Targeted for a 5-Component Gasoline Surrogate: A Case Study on the Heat Release Nature in a GCI Engine Combustion and Flame 178 268 276 2017 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.018
- Oefelein , J. , Lacaze , G. , Dahms , R. , Ruiz , A. et al. Effects of Real-Fluid Thermodynamics on High-Pressure Fuel Injection Processes SAE International Journal of Engines 7 3 1125 1136 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1429
- Gilling , L. 2009
- Van Dam , N. , Som , S. , Swantek , A.B. , and Powell , C.F. The Effect of Grid Resolution on Predicted Spray Variability Using Multiple Large-Eddy Spray Simulations Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Fall Technical Conference, ASME, Greenville, SC, ISBN 978-0-7918-5050-3: V001T06A013 2016 10.1115/ICEF2016-9384
- Van Dam , N. , Som , S. , Swantek , A.B. , and Powell , C.F. The Effects of Parcel Count on Predictions of Spray Variability in Large-eddy Simulations of Diesel Fuel Sprays ILASS Americas, 28th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems Dearborn, MI 2016