This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Optical Techniques that can be Applied to Investigate GDI Engine Combustion
Technical Paper
2017-24-0046
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The increased efficiency and specific output with Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines are well known, but so too are the higher levels of Particulate Matter emissions compared with Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines. To minimise Particulate Matter emissions, then it is necessary to understand and control the mixture preparation process, and important insights into GDI engine mixture preparation and combustion can be obtained from optical access engines. Such data is also crucial for validating models that predict flows, sprays and air fuel ratio distributions. The purpose of this paper is to review a number of optical techniques; the interpretation of the results is engine specific so will not be covered here. Mie scattering can be used for semi-quantitative measurements of the fuel spray and this can be followed with Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) for determining the air fuel ratio and temperature distributions. With PLIF, very careful in-situ calibration is needed, and for temperature this can be provided by Laser Induced Thermal Grating Spectroscopy (LITGS). LITGS temperature measurements can also be used to quantify the differences in evaporative cooling with different fuels, thereby explaining observed changes in the volumetric efficiency. Natural light photography can be used for tracking flame fronts, and with suitable calibration of the colour filter array in a high speed colour video camera, then soot pyrometry can be employed to estimate the temperature and soot loading. The rich information derived from optical techniques drives their proliferation in research.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Stone, R., Williams, B., and Ewart, P., "Optical Techniques that can be Applied to Investigate GDI Engine Combustion," SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0046, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0046.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Bowditch , F. A New Tool for Combustion Research A Quartz Piston Engine SAE Technical Paper 610002 1961 10.4271/610002
- Zhao , H. Laser Diagnostics and Optical Measurement Techniques in Internal Combustion Engines Warrendale SAE International 2012 10.4271/R-406
- Sandford , M. , Page , G. , and Crawford , P. The All New AJV8 SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1060 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1060
- Mohd Murad , S. , Camm , J. , Davy , M. , Stone , R. et al. Spray Behaviour and Particulate Matter Emissions with M15 Methanol/Gasoline Blends in a GDI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0991 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0991
- Chen , L. , Stone , R. , and Richardson , D. A study of mixture preparation and PM emissions using a direct injection engine fuelled with stoichiometric gasoline/ethanol blends Fuel 96 120 130 2012
- Le Gal , P. , Farrugia , N. , and Greenhalgh , D. A. Laser sheet dropsizing of dense sprays Optics & Laser Technology 31 1 75 83 1999
- Twiney , B. , Stone , R. , Chen , X. , and Edmunds , G. Investigation of Combustion Robustness in Catalyst Heating Operation on a Spray Guided DISI Engine, Part II -Measurements of Spray Development, Combustion Imaging and Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 426 439 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0603
- Fansler , T. D. , Stojkovic , B. , Drake , M. C. , and Rosalik , M. E. Local fuel concentration measurements in internal combustion engines using spark-emission spectroscopy Applied Physics B 75 4-5 577 590 2002
- Ma , H. , Marshall , S. , Stevens , R. , and Stone , R. Full-bore crank-angle resolved imaging of combustion in a four-stroke gasoline direct injection engine Proc. IMechE Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221 10 1305 1320 2007
- Perona , P. , and Malik , J. Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 12 7 629 639 1990
- Hottel , H.C. , and Broughton , F.P. Determination of true temperature and total radiation from luminous gas flames Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition 4 2 166 175 1932
- Simonini , S. , Elston , S. J. , and Stone , C. R. Soot temperature and concentration measurements from colour charge coupled device camera images using a three-colour method Proc. IMechE Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215 9 1041 1052 2001
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_filter 19 January 2017
- Zhao , H. , Williams , B. , and Stone , R. Measurement of the spatially distributed temperature and soot loadings in a laminar diffusion flame using a Cone-Beam Tomography technique J. Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 133 136 152 2014
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_Doppler_velocimetry 19 January 2017
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_image_velocimetry 19 January 2017
- http://www.dantecdynamics.com/measurement-principles-of-pda 19 January 2017
- Eckbreth , A. C. Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species Gordon and Breach Science Publishers SA Amsterdam 1996 209 451
- Brackmann , C. , Bood , J. , Afzelius , M. , and Bengtsson , P-E. Thermometry in internal combustion engines via dual-broadband rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 2004
- Snowdon , P. , Skippon , S. M. and Ewart , P. Improved precision of single-shot temperature measurements by use of a modeless laser Appl. Optics 30 1008 1991
- Williams , B , Edwards , M. , Stone , R. , Williams , J. , and Ewart , P. High precision in-cylinder gas thermometry using Laser Induced Gratings: Quantitative measurement of evaporative cooling with gasoline/alcohol blends in a GDI optical engine Combustion and Flame 161 270 279 2014
- Schulz , C. and Sick , V. Tracer-LIF diagnostics: quantitative measurement of fuel concentration, temperature and fuel/air ratio in practical combustion systems Prog Energy and Combust Sci 31 1 75 121 2005
- Williams , B. , Ewart , P. , Wang , X. , Stone , R. et al. Quantitative planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of multi-component fuel/air mixing in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine: effects of residual exhaust gas on quantitative PLIF Combustion and Flame 157 10 1866 1878 2010
- Faust , S. , Tea , G. , Dreier , T. and Schulz , C. Temperature, pressure, and bath gas composition dependence of fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of toluene and naphthalene Applied Physics B 110 1 81 93 2013
- Scott , B. , Willman , C. , Williams , B. , Ewart , P. et al. In-cylinder Temperature Measurements using Laser Induced Grating Spectroscopy and Two-Colour PLIF SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0045 2017