This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and HC Investigations of a Low RON Gasoline Fuel in a Compression Ignition Engine
Technical Paper
2017-01-2405
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Fuels from crude oil are the main energy vector used in the worldwide transport sector. But conventional fuel and engine technologies are often criticized, especially Diesel engines with the recent “Diesel gate”. Engine and fuel co-research is one of the main leverage to reduce both CO2 footprint and criteria pollutants in the transport sector. Compression ignition engines with gasoline-like fuels are a promising way for both NOx and particulate emissions abatement while keeping lower tailpipe CO2 emissions from both combustion process, physical and chemical properties of the low RON gasoline.
To introduce a new fuel/engine technology, investigation of pollutants and After-Treatment Systems (ATS) is mandatory. Previous work [1] already studied soot behavior to define the rules for the design of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) when used with a low RON gasoline in a compression ignition engine. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of such fuel/engine technology on the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) for low load operating conditions. Hydrocarbon (HC) speciation is performed upstream (Us) and downstream (Ds) of the DOC. Warm-up and efficiency are also tested for different operating conditions. To finish, exothermal capacities are considered to ensure high temperature levels for DPF regeneration.
Upstream and downstream DOC HC speciation showed heavier molecules for Diesel fuel compared to low RON gasoline and higher carbon balance. These results are consistent with fuel composition. Upstream DOC main HC family is olefin for Diesel while it appears to be paraffin from low RON gasoline. Regardless of the fuel, upstream DOC HC species are mainly C1 to C4 and methane is the major downstream molecule.
For steady hot conditions, conversion efficiency of HC and CO for both fuels are quite similar. Differences are highlighted for transient conditions from cold to warm. For low load operating conditions, due to high amounts of HC and CO for low RON gasoline combustion, the catalyst seems to be poisoned and light-off temperatures are higher than Diesel ones. Moreover, the HC storage, during the light-off, is lower when using low RON gasoline.
Finally, DOC exotherm for regeneration is possible with low RON gasoline post-injections. For a same fuel quantity injection regardless of the fuel, low RON gasoline has higher upstream DOC HC amount and generates higher exotherms.
Despite some differences in the HC species between Diesel and low RON gasoline, conversion efficiency and DOC exotherm are quite similar. Nevertheless, the light-off and the HC-storage during a warm-up phase could be different and need more investigations.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Chaillou, C., Bouet, A., Frobert, A., and Duffour, F., "Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and HC Investigations of a Low RON Gasoline Fuel in a Compression Ignition Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2405, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2405.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Chaillou , C. , Bouet , A. , Frobert , A. , and Duffour , F. After-treatment Investigation on Particulates Characterization and DPF regeneration of a Naphtha Fuel in a Compression Ignition Engine SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 9 3 633 649 2016 10.4271/2016-01-2286
- International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2013 -Current Policies Scenario
- World Energy Council World Energy Scenarios Jazz Scenario (Freeway)
- U.S. Energy Information Agency Intl. Energy Outlook 2013 -Reference case
- Kalghatgi , G. Auto-Ignition Quality of Practical Fuels and Implications for Fuel Requirements of Future SI and HCCI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0239 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0239
- Risberg , P. , Kalghatgi , G. , Ångstrom , H. , and Wåhlin , F. Auto-ignition quality of Diesel-like fuels in HCCI engines SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2127 2005 10.4271/2005-01-2127
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Partially Premixed Combustion at High Load using Gasoline and Ethanol, a Comparison with Diesel SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0944 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0944
- Won , H. , Bouet , A. , Duffour , F. , and Francqueville , L. Naphtha Fuel on a Light Duty Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine with Two Different Compression Ratios SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2302 2016 10.4271/2016-01-2302
- Sellnau , M. , Moore , W. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. et al. GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 775 790 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0834
- Badra J. , Viollet Y. , Elwardany A. , Hong G. , Chang J. Physical and chemical effects of low octane gasoline fuels on compression ignition combustion Applied Energy 183 2016 1197 1208
- EN590:2004-2009 standard
- EN228:2008 standard
- Storey , J. , Lewis , S. , Moses-DeBusk , M. , Connatser , R. et al. Characterization of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition Engine Operating on a Higher Reactivity Gasoline Fuel SAE Int. J. Engines 10 4 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0747
- Richter H. & Howard J. B. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot - a review of chemical reaction pathways Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 26 565 608 2000
- Frobert , A. , Creff , Y. , Lepreux , O. , Schmidt , L. et al. Generating Thermal Conditions to Regenerate a DPF: Impact of the Reductant on the Performances of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1085 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1085
- Bohac , S. , Han , M. , Jacobs , T. , López , A. et al. Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions from an Automotive Diesel Engine and DOC Utilizing Conventional and PCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0201 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0201
- Hall , C. , Sevik , J. , Pamminger , M. , and Wallner , T. Hydrocarbon Speciation in Blended Gasoline-Natural Gas Operation on a Spark-Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2169 2016 10.4271/2016-01-2169
- Ranzi , E. , Favarelli , T. , Gaffuri , P. , Sogaro Low-temperature combustion: automatic generation of primary oxidation reactions and lumping procedures Combustion Flame 1995 102 179 92
- Simmie , J. M. Detailed chemical kinetic models for the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 29 2003 599 634
- Kinnunen Niko M. , Hirvi Janne T. , Kallinen Kauko , Maunula Teuvo , Keenan Matthew , Suvanto Mika Case study of a modern lean-burn methane combustion catalyst for automotive applications: What are the deactivation and regeneration mechanisms? Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 207 2017 114 119 0926-3373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.02.018
- Knafl , A. , Han , M. , Bohac , S. , Assanis , D. et al. Comparison of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance on an Engine and a Gas Flow Reactor SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0231 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0231
- Ianniello , V. , Schmidt V. M. , Stimming U. , Stumper J. and Wallau A. CO adsorption and oxidation on Pt and Pt-Ru alloys: Dependence on substrate composition Electrochemica Acta 39 11/12 1863 1869 1994
- Trens , P. , Durand R. , Coq , B. , Coutanceau , C. , Rousseau S. , Lamy , C. Poisonning of Pt/C catalsysts by CO and its consequences over the kinetics of hydrogen chemisorption Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 92 2009 280 284
- Adams , K. , Cavataio , J. , Sale , T. , Rimkus , W. et al. Laboratory Screening of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and Validation with Vehicle Testing: The Importance of Hydrocarbon Storage SAE Technical Paper 962049 1996 10.4271/962049
- Raux , S. , Frobert , A. , Jeudy , E. Low Temperature Activity of Euro4 Diesel Oxidation Catalysts: Comprehensive Material Analyses and Experimental Evaluation of a Representative Panel Top Catal 2009 52 1903 1908
- Blanchard , G. , Colignon , C. , Griard , C. , Rigaudeau , C. et al. Passenger Car Series Application of a New Diesel Particulate Filter System Using a New Ceria-Based Fuel-Borne Catalyst: From the Engine Test Bench to European Vehicle Certification SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2781 2002 10.4271/2002-01-2781
- DieselNet Technology Guide, Engine Design for Low Emissions https://www.Dieselnet.com/tech/engine_fi.php
- Zukouski , R.P. , Berke , P.L. 2008 Strategy for using exhaust stroke post-injection to elevate exhaust temperature for Diesel particulate filter regeneration US Patent Application 11/464,888 http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=zdOnAAAAEBAJ
- Gioannini , A. , Del Mastro , A. 2006 Method for controlling a Diesel engine with a common-rail injection system during regeneration of the particulate filter US Patent 7,140,345 http://www.google.com/patents/US7140345
- Morel , V. , Francqueville , L. , Laget , O. , Malbec , L. et al. Potential of CN25 Naphtha-Based Fuel to Power Compression Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0765 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0765
- Siebers , D. Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays Based on Mixing-Limited Vaporization SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0528 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0528