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Comparative Manufacturing and Ownership Cost Estimates for Secondary Loop Mobile Air Conditioning Systems (SL-MACs)
Technical Paper
2017-01-0173
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
This paper quantifies and compares the cooling performance and refrigerant and fuel cost savings to automobile manufacturers and owners of secondary-loop mobile air conditioners (SL-MACs) using refrigerants hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a and the available alternatives HFC-152a and HFO-1234yf. HFC-152a and HFO-1234yf are approved for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and satisfy the requirements of the European Union (EU) F-Gas Regulations. HFC-152a is inherently more energy efficient than HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf and in SL-MAC systems can generate cooling during deceleration, prolong comfort during idle stop (stop/start), and allow powered cooling at times when the engine can supply additional power with the lowest incremental fuel use. SL-MAC systems can also reduce the refrigerant charge, emissions, and service costs of HFO-1234yf. The paper is informed by previous studies of secondary loop systems and an ongoing demonstration of SL-MACs designed for India where there are long hot and humid cooling seasons, relatively expensive fuel, and highly congested driving as well as uncrowded open-road driving. That demonstration determines a baseline for the cooling performance and energy efficiency of HFC-134a and tests the same parameters for HFO-1234yf and HFC-152a. The paper includes a detailed analysis of the life cycle environmental impacts of secondary loop versus direct expansion systems and a comparison of the eligible refrigerants, as well as a description of some of the most important international regulations affecting mobile air conditioning refrigerant choices.
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Authors
- Sourav Chowdhury - Mahle Behr Troy Inc.
- Timothy Craig - Mahle
- Lindsey Leitzel - Mahle
- Sangeet Kapoor - Tata Motors, Ltd.
- Jagvendra Meena - Tata Motors, Ltd.
- Prasanna Nagarhalli - Tata Motors, Ltd.
- Timothy Craig - MAHLE
- Lindsey Leitzel - MAHLE
- Stephen Andersen - Inst. for Governance & Sust. Development
- Melinda Soffer - Inst. for Governance & Sust. Development
Citation
Andersen, S., Chowdhury, S., Craig, T., Kapoor, S. et al., "Comparative Manufacturing and Ownership Cost Estimates for Secondary Loop Mobile Air Conditioning Systems (SL-MACs)," SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0173, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0173.Data Sets - Support Documents
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