This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Emission Limits of a DI Diesel Engine without Aftertreatment System
Technical Paper
2016-01-2314
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The possible NOx and soot limits that a conventional diesel engine could meet without the assistance of aftertreatment system were investigated on an engineering level. A methodology combining both experiment and numerical simulation was used to evaluate favorable and unfavorable effects of various in-cylinder strategies quantitatively. These strategies or factors include combustion chamber geometry, fuel injection strategy, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), intake valve close (IVC) timing, and turbocharger. Interactions among these strategies were paid special attention. Two steps to achieve as low as possible emissions were proposed based on analysis of these strategies. The first step would shift the NOx-soot trade-off curve closer to low emission regions via optimization of injection strategy, combustion chamber geometry, IVC, and turbocharger. As a result, NOx and soot could be simultaneously reduced by approximately 14% and 62% respectively. In the second step, NOx and soot emissions were adjusted along the trade-off curve of the first step by changing EGR rate. At 20% EGR, NOx could be reduced by 65% at the cost of soot 20% increase. Thus the original engine’s emission of NOx and soot could be reduced approximately from 7.8 g/(kW·h) and 0.011 g/(kW·h) to 2.3 g/(kW·h) and 0.005 g/(kW·h), respectively. Therefore, with the assistance of aftertreatment system, Euro VI NOx and soot emission limits could possibly be achieved without much effort, leaving some margin for stricter restrictions in the future.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Sun, W., Wang, S., Huang, Y., Guo, L. et al., "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Emission Limits of a DI Diesel Engine without Aftertreatment System," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2314, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2314.Also In
References
- Johnson , T. Vehicular Emissions in Review SAE Int. J. Engines 7 3 1207 1227 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1491
- O’Connor , J. , and Mark M. Post Injections for Soot Reduction in Diesel Engines: A Review of Current Understanding SAE Int. J. Engines 6 1 400 421 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0917
- Dec , J. E. Advanced Compression-Ignition Engines-Understanding the In-cylinder Processes Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32 2 2727 2742 2009 10.1016/j.proci.2008.08.008
- Akihama , K. , Takatori , Y. , Inagaki , K. , Sasaki , S. et al. Mechanism of the Smokeless Rich Diesel Combustion by Reducing Temperature SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0655 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0655
- Kamimoto , T. and Bae , M. High Combustion Temperature for the Reduction of Particulate in Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 880423 1988 10.4271/880423
- Neely , G. , Sasaki , S. , Huang , Y. , Leet , J. et al. New Diesel Emission Control Strategy to Meet US Tier 2 Emissions Regulations SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1091 2005 10.4271/2005-01-1091
- Hardy , W. and Reitz , R. A Study of the Effects of High EGR, High Equivalence Ratio, and Mixing Time on Emissions Levels in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine for PCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0026 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0026
- Pawlak , G. The History of the Scania Engine Silniki Spalinowe 49 40 49 2010
- Schubiger , R. , Bertola , A. , and Boulouchos , K. Influence of EGR on Combustion and Exhaust Emissions of Heavy Duty DI-Diesel Engines Equipped with Common-Rail Injection Systems SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-3497 2001 10.4271/2001-01-3497
- Mathis , U. , Mohr , M. , Kaegi , R. , Bertola , A. et al. Influence of Diesel Engine Combustion Parameters on Primary Soot Particle Diameter Environmental science & technology 39 6 1887 1892 2005 10.1021/es049578p
- Miles , P. C. , and Öivind A. A Review of Design Considerations for Light-Duty Diesel Combustion Systems International Journal of Engine Research : 1468087415604754 2015 10.1177/1468087415604754
- Arcoumanis C. , Kamimoto , T. Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines Springer Science & Business Media 2009
- Bianchi , G. , Pelloni , P. , Corcione , F. , Mattarelli , E. et al. Numerical Study of the Combustion Chamber Shape for Common Rail H.S.D.I. Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1179 2000 10.4271/2000-01-1179
- Shi , Y. , Ge , H. W. , & Reitz , R. D. Computational optimization of internal combustion engines Springer Science & Business Media 2011
- Ganesh , V. , Deshpande S. , and Sreedhara S. Numerical Investigation of Late Injection Strategy to Achieve Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Mode of Operation International Journal of Engine Research : 1468087415585466 2015 10.1177/1468087415585466
- Siewert , R. Spray Angle and Rail Pressure Study for Low NOx Diesel Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0122 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0122
- Hanho Y. and Rolf D. R. An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Post-Injection Strategies on Combustion and Emissions in the Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion Regime Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power 129 1 279 286 2007 10.1115/1.2180812
- O'Connor , J. , and Mark M. Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Load on Ssoot in a Heavy-Duty Optical Diesel Engine with Close-Coupled Post Injections for High-Efficiency Combustion Phasing International Journal of Engine Research : 1468087413488767 2013 10.1177/1468087413488767
- Ladommatos N. , Abdelhalim S. and Zhao H. The Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Diesel Combustion and Emissions International Journal of Engine Research 1 1 107 126 2000
- Alain M. , Xavier T. , Jean-Francois H. Experimental Study of Various Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Combustion and Emissions of an Automotive Direct Injection Diesel Engine Energy 33 1 22 34 2008 10.1016/j.energy.2007.08.010
- Patrick F. , Russell D. , Gary H. , Axel , L. et al. Diesel Combustion: An Integrated View Combining Laser Diagnostics, Chemical Kinetics, and Empirical Validation SAE Trans. 108 3 587 600 1999
- Sasaki , S. Smokeless rich combustion by low temperature oxidation in diesel engines 9th Achener Kolloquium Fahrzeugund Motrentechnik 767 788 2000
- Alriksson , M. , Rente , T. , and Denbratt , I. Low Soot, Low NOx in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Using High Levels of EGR SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3836 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3836
- Chadwell , C. , Alger , T. , Roberts , C. , and Arnold , S. Boosting Simulation of High Efficiency Alternative Combustion Mode Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 375 393 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0358
- Singh , S. , Musculus , M. P. , & Reitz , R. D. Mixing and Flame Structures Inferred from OH-PLIF for Conventional and Low-Temperature Diesel Engine Combustion Combustion and Flame 156 10 1898 1908 2009 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.07.019
- Wu , C. , Paul P. , and Jung T. Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Supercharged Miller Cycle Otto Engine Applied Thermal Engineering 23 5 511 521 2003
- Boost , A. V. L. Version5. 1. 1-User's Guide AVL Graz June 2008
- Ogink , R. and Golovitchev , V. Gasoline HCCI Modeling: An Engine Cycle Simulation Code with a Multi-Zone Combustion Model SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1745 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1745
- Lü , L. , and Wang L. Model-Based Optimization of Parameters for a Diesel Engine SCR System International Journal of Automotive Technology 14 1 13 18 2013
- Ogink , R. Applications and Results of a User-Defined, Detailed-Chemistry HCCI Combustion Model in the AVL BOOST Cycle Simulation Code International AVL user meeting 14-15, 2003
- Woschni , G. A Universally Applicable Equation for the Instantaneous Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Internal Combustion Engine SAE Technical Paper 670931 1967 10.4271/670931
- Fire , A. V. L. Users Guide-ICE Physics & Chemistry 2008
- Sun , W. , Wang , S. , Yan , S. , Guo , L. et al. Model Based Study of the Urea Injector's Effects on SCR of an 11 Liter Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1555 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1555
- Hanjalić , K. , Popovac M. , and Hadžiabdić , M. A Robust Near-Wall Elliptic-Relaxation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Model for CFD International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 25 6 1047 1051 2004
- Kusaka , J. , Okamoto , T. , Daisho , Y. , Kihara , R. et al. Combustion and Exhaust Gas Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Dual-Fueled with Natural Gas JSAE review 21 4 489 496 2000
- Klos , David T. , and Kokjohn Sage L. Investigation of the Effect of Injection and Control Strategies on Combustion Instability in Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138.1 2016 011502 2016
- Dec , J. A Computational Study of the Effects of Low Fuel Loading and EGR on Heat Release Rates and Combustion Limits in HCCI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1309 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1309
- Kook , S. , Bae , C. , Miles , P. , Choi , D. et al. The Influence of Charge Dilution and Injection Timing on Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion and Emissions SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3837 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3837
- Directive 1999/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles and amending Council Directive 88/77/EEC 1999
- Yoo , D. , Kim , D. , Jung , W. , Kim , N. et al. Optimization of Diesel Combustion System for Reducing PM to Meet Tier4-Final Emission Regulation without Diesel Particulate Filter SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2538 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2538
- Dolak , J. , Shi , Y. , and Reitz , R. A Computational Investigation of Stepped-Bowl Piston Geometry for a Light Duty Engine Operating at Low Load SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-1263 2010 10.4271/2010-01-1263
- Andreadis , P. , Zompanakis , A. , Chryssakis , C. , & Kaiktsis , L. Effects of the Fuel Injection Parameters on the Performance and Emissions Formation in a Large-Bore Marine Diesel Engine International Journal of Engine Research 12 1 14 29 2011
- Wickman , D. , Senecal , P. , and Reitz , R. Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Geometry Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Multi-Dimensional Spray and Combustion Modeling SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0547 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0547
- Roy , R.K. Design of Experiments Ssing the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to Product and Process Improvement John Wiley & Sons 2001
- Ganapathy , T.m Murugesan , K. , & Gakkhar , R.P. Performance optimization of Jatropha biodiesel engine model using Taguchi approach Applied Energy 86 11 2476 2486 2009
- Desantes , J. M. , Luján , J. M. , Pla , B. , & Soler , J. A. On the Combination of High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Loops for Improved Fuel Economy and Reduced Emissions in High-Speed Direct-Injection Engines International Journal of Engine Research 14 1 3 11 2013 10.1177/1468087412437623
- Aoyagi , Y. , Kunishima , E. , Asaumi , Y. , Aihara , Y. et al. Diesel Combustion and Emission Study by Using of High Boost and High Injection Pressure in Single Cylinder Engine: The effects of boost pressure and timing retardation on thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions (Diesel Engines, Performance and Emissions, Thermal Efficiency) The international symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004 6 119 126
- Heuwetter , D. , Glewen , W. , Foster , D. , Krieger , R. et al. Experimental Investigation of Transient Response and Turbocharger Coupling for High and Low Pressure EGR Systems SAE Int. J. Engines 7 2 977 985 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1367
- Liu , F. , Pfeiffer , J. M. , Caudle , R. , Marshall , P. , & Olin , P. Low Pressure Cooled EGR Transient Estimation and Measurement for an Turbocharged SI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0618 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0618
- Yokomura , H. , Kouketsu , S. , Kotooka , S. , & Akao , Y. Transient EGR Control for a Turbocharged Heavy Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0120 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0120
- Han , Y. , Liu , Z. , Zhao , J. , Xu , Y. , Li , J. , & Li , K EGR Response in a Turbo-Charged and After-Cooled DI Diesel Engine and its Effects on Smoke Opacity SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1677 2008 10.4271/2008-01-1677
- Zhuge , W. , Zhang , Y. , Zheng , X. , Yang M. et al. Development of an Advanced Turbocharger Simulation Method for Cycle Simulation of Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engines Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers , Part D : Journal of automobile engineering 223 5 2009