This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Thermal Management of Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles Using Phase Change Materials: A Review
Technical Paper
2016-01-1204
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
As one of the most crucial components in electric vehicles, power batteries generate abundant heat during charging and discharging processes. Thermal management system (TMS), which is designed to keep the battery cells within an optimum temperature range and to maintain an even temperature distribution from cell to cell, is vital for the high efficiency, long calendar life and reliable safety of these power batteries. With the desirable features of low system complexity, light weight, high energy efficiency and good battery thermal uniformity, thermal management using composite phase change materials (PCMs) has drawn great attention in the past fifteen years. In the hope of supplying helpful guidelines for the design of the PCM-based TMSs, this work begins with the summarization of the most commonly applied heat transfer enhancement methods (i.e., the use of thermally conductive particles, metal fin, expanded graphite matrix and metal foam) for PCMs by different researchers. Newly developed TMS configurations such as the multi-layer PCMs and sandwiched ones are also discussed in detail. In addition, the hybrid TMS combining PCM cooling with air or liquid cooling, and battery heating by these PCM-based TMSs under cold environment are also summarized. Based on the analysis of previous studies, several possible research topics on PCM cooling are finally proposed in the conclusion/summary part.
Recommended Content
Journal Article | Geometry-Resolved Electro-Chemistry Model of Li-Ion Batteries |
Technical Paper | Modeling and Validation of 12V Lead-Acid Battery for Stop-Start Technology |
Technical Paper | Study on Maximizing Exergy in Automotive Engines |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Pan, D., Xu, S., Lin, C., and Chang, G., "Thermal Management of Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles Using Phase Change Materials: A Review," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1204, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1204.Also In
References
- Choi , H. and Oh , I. Analysis of product efficiency of hybrid vehicles and promotionpolicies Energy Policy 38 5 2262 2271 2010
- Amjad , S. , Neelakrishnan , S. and Rudramoorthy , R. Review of design considerationsand technological challenges for successful development and deployment ofplug-in hybrid electric vehicles Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 3 1104 1110 2010
- Jarrett , A. and Kim , I.Y. Design optimization of electric vehicle battery cooling plates for thermal performance Journal of Power Sources 196 10359 10368 2011
- Kizilel , R. , Lateef , A. , Sabbah , R. , and Farid , M.M. Passive control of temperature excursion and uniformity in high-energy Li-ion battery packs at high current and ambient temperature Journal of Power Sources 183 1 370 375 2008
- Ling , Z. , Zhang , Z. , Shi , G. , Fang , X. et al. Review on thermal management systems using phase change materials for electronic components, Li-ion batteries and photovoltaic modules Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31 2 427 438 2014
- Pesaran , A.A. Battery Thermal Management in EV and HEVs: Issues and Solutions Battery Man 43 5 34 49 2001
- Zolot , M. , Pesaran , A. , and Mihalic , M. Thermal Evaluation of Toyota Prius Battery Pack, SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1962 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1962
- Kelly , K.J. , Mihalic , M. and Zolot , M. Battery Usage And Thermal Performance Of The Toyota Prius And Honda Insight During Chassis Dynamometer Testing Battery Conference on Applications & Advances 247 252 2002
- Rao , Z. and Wang , S. A review of power battery thermal energy management Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 9 4554 4571 2011
- Al-Hallaj , S. and Selman , J.R. A novel thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries using phase-change material Journal of the Electrochemical Society 147 9 3231 3236 2000
- Frusteri , F. , Leonardi , V. , Vasta , S. and Restuccia , G. Thermal conductivity measurement of a PCM based storage system containing carbon fibers Applied Thermal Engineering 25 11 1623 1633 2005
- Babapoor , A. , Azizi , M. and Karimi , G. Thermal management of a Li-ion battery using carbon fiber-PCM composites Applied Thermal Engineering 82 281 290 2015
- Nakaso , K. , Teshima , H. , Yoshimura , A. , Nogami , S. et al. Extension of heat transfer area using carbon fiber cloths in latent heat thermal energy storage tanks Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 47 5 879 885 2008
- Goli , P. , Legedza , S. , Dhar , A. , Salgado , R. et al. Grapheneenhanced hybrid phase change materials for thermal management of Li-ion batteries Journal of Power Sources 248 37 43 2014
- Zeng , J. , Cao , Z. , Yang , D. , Sun , L. et al. Thermal conductivity enhancement of Ag nanowires on an organic phase change material Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 101 1 385 389 2010
- Darkwa , J. and Zhou , T. Enhanced laminated composite phase change material for energy storage Energy Conversion and Management 52 2 810 815 2011
- Karaipekli , A. , Sari , A. and Kaygusuz , K. Thermal conductivity improvement of stearic acid using expanded graphite and carbon fiber for energy storage applications Renewable Energy 32 13 2201 2210 2007
- Sari , A. and Karaipekli , A. Thermal conductivity and latent heat thermal energy storage characteristics of paraffin/expanded graphite composite as phase change material Applied Thermal Engineering 27 8 1271 1277 2007
- Nayak , K.C. , Saha , S.K. , Srinivasan , K. and Dutta , P. A numerical model for heat sinks with phase change materials and thermal conductivity enhancers International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49 11 1833 1844 2006
- Mahmoud , S. , Tang , A. , Toh , C. , Raya , A.D. et al. Experimental investigation of inserts configurations and PCM type on the thermal performance of PCM based heat sinks Applied Energy 112 1349 1356 2013
- Baby , R. and Balaji , C. Thermal management of electronics using phase change material based pin fin heat sinks Journal of Physics: Conference Series IOP Publishing 395 1 012134 2012
- Krishnan , S. , Garimella , S.V. and Kang , S.S. A novel hybrid heat sink using phase change materials for transient thermal management of electronics Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on 28 2 281 289 2005
- Yoo , D. and Joshi , Y.K. Energy efficient thermal management of electronic components using solid-liquid phase change materials Device and Materials Reliability, IEEE Transactions on 4 4 641 649 2004
- Xiao , X. , Zhang , P. and Li , M. Effective thermal conductivity of open-cell metal foams impregnated with pure paraffin for latent heat storage International Journal of Thermal Sciences 81 94 105 2014
- Siahpush , A. , O’Brien , J. and Crepeau , J. Phase Change Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Copper Porous Foam Journal of Heat Transfer 130 8 318 323 2008
- Zhou , D. and Zhao , C. Experimental investigations on heat transfer in phase change materials (PCMs) embedded in porous materials Applied Thermal Engineering 31 5 970 977 2011
- Xiao , X. , Zhang , P. and Li , M. Preparation and thermal characterization of paraffin/metal foam composite phase change material Applied Energy 112 4 1357 1366 2013
- Khateeb , S.A. , Amiruddin , S. , Farid , M. and Al-Hallaj , S. Thermal management of Li-ion battery with phase change material for electric scooters: experimental validation Journal of Power Sources 142 1 345 353 2005
- Li , W. , Qu , Z. , He , Y. and Tao , Y.B. Experimental study of a passive thermal management system for high-powered lithium ion batteries using porous metal foam saturated with phase change materials Journal of Power Sources 255 9 15 2014
- Zhang , Z. , Zhang , N. , Peng , J. , Fang , X. et al. Preparation and thermal energy storage properties of paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change material Applied Energy 91 1 426 431 2012
- Mills , A. , Farid , M. , Selman , J.R. and Al-Hallaj , S. Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials using a graphite matrix Applied Thermal Engineering 26 14 1652 1661 2006
- Mills , A. and Al-Hallaj , S. Simulation of passive thermal management system for lithium-ion battery packs Journal of Power Sources 141 2 307 315 2005
- Alrashdan , A. , Mayyas , A.T. and Al-Hallaj , S. Thermomechanical behaviors of the expanded graphite-phase change material matrix used for thermal management of Li-ion battery packs Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210 1 174 179 2010
- Zhang , Z. and Fang , X. Study on paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change thermal energy storage material Energy Conversion and Management 47 3 303 310 2006
- Alva , L.H. , Gonzalez , J.E. and Dukhan , N. Initial analysis of PCM integrated solar collectors Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of The ASME 128 2 173 177 2006
- Yin , H. , Gao , X. , Ding , J. and Zhang , Z. Experimental research on heat transfer mechanism of heat sink with composite phase change materials Energy Conversion and Management 49 6 1740 1746 2008
- Li , H. , Liu , X. and Fang , G. Synthesis and characteristics of form-stable n-octadecane/expanded graphite composite phase change materials Applied Physics A 100 4 1143 1148 2010
- Wang , W. , Yang , X. , Fang , Y. , Ding , J. et al. Preparation and thermal properties of polyethylene glycol/expanded graphite blends for energy storage Applied Energy 86 9 1479 1483 2009
- Lin , C. , Xu , S. , Chang G. , Liu , J. Experiment and simulation of a LiFePO4 battery pack with a passive thermal management system using composite phase change material and graphite sheets Journal of Power Sources 275 742 749 2015
- Khateeb , S.A. , Farid , M.M. , Selman , J.R. and Al-Hallaj , S. Design and simulation of a lithium-ion battery with a phase change material thermal management system for an electric scooter Journal of Power Sources 128 2 292 307 2004
- Duan , X. and Naterer , G.F. Heat transfer in phase change materials for thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 23 5176 5182 2010
- Kizilel , R. , Sabbah , R. , Selman J.R. and Al-Hallaj , S. An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs Journal of Power Sources 194 2 1105 1112 2009
- Rao , Z. , Huo , Y. , Liu , X. and Zhang , G. Experimental investigation of battery thermal management system for electric vehicle based on paraffin/copper foam Journal of the Energy Institute 88 3 241 246 2014
- http://www.allcelltech.com/index.php/products/thermal-management-material
- Javani , N. , Dincer , I. , Naterer , G.F. , and Rohrauer , G.L. Modeling of passive thermal management for electric vehicle battery packs with PCM between cells Applied Thermal Engineering 73 1 307 316 2014
- Lin , C. , Xu , S. , Li , Z. , and Chang , G. Design and Thermal Analysis of a Passive Thermal Management System Using Composite Phase Change Material for Rectangular Power Batteries, SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Electron. Electr. Syst. 8 2 332 339 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0254
- Ramandi , M.Y. , Dincer , I. and Naterer , G.F. Heat transfer and thermal management of electric vehicle batteries with phase change materials Heat and Mass Transfer 47 7 777 788 2011
- Al-Hallaj , S. , and Albright , G. Energy storage thermal management system using multi-temperature phase change materials U.S. Patent Application, 14/122,979[P] 2012 6 7
- Wang , J. , Ouyang , Y. , Chen , G. Experimental study on charging processes of a cylindrical heat storage capsule employing multiple-phase-change materials International Journal of Energy Research 25 5 439 447 2000
- Javani , N. , Dincer , I. , Naterer , G.F. and Yilbas , B.S. Heat transfer and thermal management with PCMs in a Li-ion battery cell for electric vehicles International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 72 690 703 2014
- Ling , Z. , Wang , F. , Fang , X. and Zhang , Z. A hybrid thermal management system for lithium ion batteries combining phase change materials with forced-air cooling Applied Energy 148 403 409 2015
- Hémery , C.V. , Pra , F. , Robin , J.F. and Marty , P. Experimental performances of a battery thermal management system using a phase change material Journal of Power Sources 270 4 349 358 2014
- Barsotti , D. and Boetcher , S. Novel Battery Cold Plate Design for Increased Passive Cooling, SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1919 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1919
- Zhang , X. , Kong , X. , Li , G. and Li , j. Thermodynamic assessment of active cooling/heating methods for lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles in extreme conditions Energy 64 1092 1101 2014
- Rao , Z. , Wang , S. , Zhang , Y. Thermal management with phase change material for a power battery under cold temperatures Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 36 20 2287 2295 2014