This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
On-Line Optimization of Direct-Injection-Timing for SI-CAI Hybrid Combustion in a PFI-DI Gasoline Engine
Technical Paper
2016-01-0757
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The spark ignition-controlled auto-ignition (SI-CAI) hybrid combustion is promising in achieving smooth transition between SI and CAI combustion but, it is limited by the combustion cyclic-variation at late combustion phasing to avoid too high pressure rise rate (PRR). In this paper, to stabilize the combustion and reduce PRR, the in-cylinder fuel-stratification strategy is investigated in a gasoline engine, equipped with port fuel injection combined with single pulse direct injection (PFI-DI). Experimental results confirm the benefits of employing PFI-DI in comparison with PFI and single-pulse DI strategy. The influence of DI timing (Start of injection, SOI) on the combustion process is found to be quite complicated, in terms of combustion phasing, combustion stability, PRR and thermal efficiency. It makes the optimal-SOI calibration time-intensive, since complex trade-off between PRR and thermal efficiency is needed.
Therefore, a novel SOI on-line optimization controller (Smart-SOI) is proposed, consisting of a cost function and its extremum seeker. The cost function has PRR and thermal efficiency as inputs, and established a parabolic relation from SOI to the function output. By searching for the extremum of this parabola via the extremum seeking algorithm, the optimal-SOI is successfully calibrated on-line. Experimental validation results show that SOI can converge towards its optimal position in terms of thermal efficiency and PRR via Smart-SOI at different operating conditions, in terms of spark timing and loads. It takes 200 to 1600 cycles at 1500 engine speed for Smart-SOI to correct an offset of 68°CA in optimal SOI at most in the test cases. The Smart-SOI is valuable in the fuel-stratified SI-CAI hybrid combustion control, because it can adapt to combustion boundary condition variations, reduce the off-line calibration burden of SOI and is easy to implement.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Song, K., Xie, H., Jiang, W., Chen, Q. et al., "On-Line Optimization of Direct-Injection-Timing for SI-CAI Hybrid Combustion in a PFI-DI Gasoline Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0757, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0757.Also In
References
- Chen , T. , Xie , H. , Li , L. , Yu , W. et al. Continuous Load Adjustment Strategy of a Gasoline HCCI-SI Engine Fully Controlled by Exhaust Gas SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1408 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1408
- Xie , H. , Yang , L. , Qin , J. , Gao , R. et al. The Effect of Spark Ignition on the CAI Combustion Operation SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3738 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3738
- Urushihara , T. , Yamaguchi , K. , Yoshizawa , K. , and Itoh , T. A Study of a Gasoline-fueled Compression Ignition Engine Expansion of HCCI Operation Range Using SI Combustion as a Trigger of Compression Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0180 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0180
- Nuesch , S. , Hellstrom E. ; Jiang L. , Stefanopoulou A.G. Mode switches among SI, SACI, and HCCI combustion and their influence on drive cycle fuel economy American Control Conference (ACC) 2014 849 854 4-6 June 2014 10.1109/ACC.2014.6858954
- Manofsky , L. , Vavra , J. , Assanis , D. , and Babajimopoulos , A. Bridging the Gap between HCCI and SI: Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1179 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1179
- Temel , V. and Sterniak , J. Characterization of SACI Combustion for Use in Model Based Controls SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1289 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1289
- Chen , T. , Zhao , H. , Xie , H. , He , B. Analysis of cyclic variations during mode switching between spark ignition and controlled auto-ignition combustion operations International Journal of Engine Research. 16 255 259 2014 10.1177/1468087414555733
- Hellstrom , E. , Stefanopoulou , A.G. Modeling cyclic dispersion in autoignition combustion Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC), 2011 50th IEEE Conference on, 6834-6839 12-15 Dec. 2011 10.1109/CDC.2011.6161383
- Jungkunz A.F , Erlien S. ; Gerdes J.C Late phasing homogeneous charge compression ignition cycle-to-cycle combustion timing control with fuel quantity input American Control Conference (ACC) 2078 2083 27-29 June 2012 10.1109/ACC.2012.6315249
- Hellström , E. , Stefanopoulou , A. , Vavra , J. , Babajimopoulos , A. et al. Understanding the Dynamic Evolution of Cyclic Variability at the Operating Limits of HCCI Engines with Negative Valve Overlap SAE Int. J. Engines 5 3 995 1008 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1106
- Wagner , R. M. , Edwards K. D. , Daw C S. Experimental metrics for identifying origins of combustion variability during spark-assisted compression ignition International Journal of Engine Research 2008 9 5 409 434
- Natarajan , V. K. , Sick V. , Reuss D. L. et. al Effect of spark-ignition on combustion periods during spark-assisted compression ignition Combustion Science and Technology 181 9 1187 1206 2009 10.1080/00102200903074253
- Wang , X. , Xie , H. , Zhao , H. Computational Study of the Influence of In-cylinder Flow on SI-CAI Hybrid Combustion in a Gasoline Engine International Journal of Engine Research 16 6 795 809 2014 10.1177/1468087414554627
- Jungkunz , A. , Liao , H. H. , Ravi N. Reducing combustion variation of late-phasing HCCI with cycle-to-cycle exhaust valve timing control 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control 815 820 2010 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00161
- Jungkunz A. F. , Ravi N. , Liao H. N. Combustion phasing variation reduction for late-phasing HCCI through cycle-tocycle pilot injection timing control American Society of Mechanical Engineers 685 692 2011 10.1115/DSCC2011-6091
- Hellstrom E. , Larimore J. , Jade S. Reducing Cyclic Variability While Regulating Combustion Phasing in a Four-Cylinder HCCI Engine Control Systems Technology 22 3 1190 1197 2014 10.1109/TCST.2013.2271355
- Wang , X. , Zhao , H. , Xie , H. , and He , B. Numerical Study of the Effect of Piston Shapes and Fuel Injection Strategies on In-Cylinder Conditions in a PFI/GDI Gasoline Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 7 4 1888 1899 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2670
- Yun , H. , Wermuth , N. , and Najt , P. Extending the High Load Operating Limit of a Naturally-Aspirated Gasoline HCCI Combustion Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 3 1 681 699 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0847
- Persson , H. , Sjöholm , J. , Kristensson , E. , Johansson , B. et al. Study of Fuel Stratification on Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Combustion with Ethanol Using High Speed Fuel PLIF SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2401 2008 10.4271/2008-01-2401
- Tan Y. , Moase W. H. , Manzie C. et.al Extremum Seeking From 1922 To 2010 29th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) 14-26, 2010
- Draper , C. S. , Li Y. T. Principles of optimalizing control systems and an application to the internal combustion engine American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1951
- Mohammadi , A. , Manzie , C. , Nešić D. Online optimization of spark advance in alternative fueled engines using extremum seeking control Control Engineering Practice 29 201 211 2014 10.1016/j.conengprac.2014.02.008
- Killingsworth , N. J. , Aceves S. M. , Flowers D. L. et. al. HCCI engine combustion-timing control: Optimizing gains and fuel consumption via extremum seeking Control Systems Technology 17 6 1350 1361 2009 10.1109/TCST.2008.2008097
- Sharafi J. , Hager , S. , Moase , W. H. et. al. Fast extremum seeking for optimization of brake specific fuel consumption Decision and Control (CDC), 2014 IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on. IEEE 2014 3432 3437 10.1109/CDC.2014.7039921
- Lewander , M. Characterization and control of multi-cylinder partially premixed combustion Ph.D Dissertation Lund University Sweden 2011
- Tunestal , P. Self-tuning gross heat release computation for internal combustion engines Control Engineering Practice 17 4 518 524 2009 10.1016/j.conengprac.2008.09.012
- He , B. , Xie , H. , Zhang , Y. , Qin , J. et al. An Experimental Study on HCCI Combustion in a Four-Stroke Gasoline Engine with Reduced Valve Lift Operations SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3736 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3736
- Wang , X. , Zhao , H. , Xie , H. Effect of dilution strategies and direct injection ratios on stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion in a PFI/DI gasoline engine Applied Energy 165 1 801 814 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.116
- Yu , W. , Xie , H. , Chen , T. , Li , L. et al. Effects of Active Species in Residual Gas on Auto-Ignition in a HCCI Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1115 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1115