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Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs) as Surrogates for Low Sensitivity Gasoline Fuels
Technical Paper
2016-01-0748
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs) - binary mixtures of n-heptane and iso-octane based on Research Octane Number (RON) - are popular gasoline surrogates for modeling combustion in spark ignition engines. The use of these two component surrogates to represent real gasoline fuels for simulations of HCCI/PCCI engines needs further consideration, as the mode of combustion is very different in these engines (i.e. the combustion process is mainly controlled by the reactivity of the fuel).
This study presents an experimental evaluation of PRF surrogates for four real gasoline fuels termed FACE (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) A, C, I, and J in a motored CFR (Cooperative Fuels Research) engine. This approach enables the surrogate mixtures to be evaluated purely from a chemical kinetic perspective. The gasoline fuels considered in this study have very low sensitivities, S (RON-MON), and also exhibit two-stage ignition behavior. The first stage heat release, which is termed Low Temperature Heat Release (LTHR), controls the combustion phasing in this operating mode. As a result, the performance of the PRF surrogates was evaluated by its ability to mimic the low temperature chemical reactivity of the real gasoline fuels. This was achieved by comparing the LTHR from the engine pressure histories. The PRF surrogates were able to consistently reproduce the amount of LTHR, closely match the phasing of LTHR, and the compression ratio for the start of hot ignition of the real gasoline fuels. This suggests that the octane quality of a surrogate fuel is a good indicator of the fuel’s reactivity across low (LTC), negative temperature coefficient (NTC), and high temperature chemical (HTC) reactivity regimes.
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Authors
- Vijai Shankar Bhavani Shankar - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Muhammad Sajid - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Khalid Al-Qurashi - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Nour Atef - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Issam Alkhesho - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Ahfaz Ahmed - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Sukho Chung - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- William Roberts - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Kai Morganti - Saudi Aramco
- Mani Sarathy - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Citation
Bhavani Shankar, V., Sajid, M., Al-Qurashi, K., Atef, N. et al., "Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs) as Surrogates for Low Sensitivity Gasoline Fuels," SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0748, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0748.Also In
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