This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
CFD Analysis of the Effects of Fuel Composition and Injection Strategy on Mixture Preparation and Fuel Deposit Formation in a GDI Engine
Technical Paper
2015-24-2408
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In spark-ignited direct-injected engines, the formation of fuel pools on the piston is one of the major promoters of unburnt hydrocarbons and soot: in order to comply with the increasingly stringent emission regulations (EU6 and forthcoming), it is therefore necessary to limit fuel deposit formation. The combined use of advanced experimental techniques and detailed 3D-CFD simulations can help to understand the mechanisms driving fuel pool formation. In the paper, a combined experimental and numerical characterization of pool formation in a GDI engine is carried out to investigate and understand the complex interplay of all the mentioned factors. In particular, a low-load low-rpm engine operation is investigated for different ignition phasing, and the impact of both fuel formulation and instantaneous piston temperature variations in the CFD analyses are evaluated. The investigated engine operation shows some interesting features which are suited to deeply investigate the interplay between fuel film formation, mixing and soot. In particular, the relatively low wall temperature and low injection pressure allow the fuel to form deposits and then slowly evaporate, with possible presence of liquid fuel at the time of ignition. The simultaneous presence of slow fuel evaporation, reduced turbulence and presence of liquid fuel leads to the formation of extremely rich mixture pockets (with equivalence ratios well above 5) which are the major promoters for soot inception.
Four different start of injection (hereafter SOI) values are analyzed, for which tailpipe Soot concentration measurements are available. For one SOI value, two different injection profiles are also evaluated. In particular, the analyses focus on the formation of fuel pads on the combustion chamber walls and on the mixture stratification, and a correlation between these two factors and the tailpipe soot level is found.
The proposed methodology proves to be able to capture the Soot trend for the different SOI values without simulating the combustion process; it is therefore promising since it avoids the need for a dedicated calibration of the combustion model parameters and provides reasonable results (at least in terms of trends) with limited computational resources.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Nicola Giovannoni - Università degli Studi di Modena
- Sebastiano Breda - Università degli Studi di Modena
- Alessandro D'Adamo - Università degli Studi di Modena
- Stefano Fontanesi - Università degli Studi di Modena
- Stefano Paltrinieri - Ferrari S.p.A.
- Francesco Pulvirenti - Ferrari S.p.A.
- Stefano Paltrinieri - Ferrari S.p.A
- Francesco Pulvirenti - Ferrari S.p.A
Topic
Citation
Giovannoni, N., Breda, S., Paltrinieri, S., D'Adamo, A. et al., "CFD Analysis of the Effects of Fuel Composition and Injection Strategy on Mixture Preparation and Fuel Deposit Formation in a GDI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2015-24-2408, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-24-2408.Also In
References
- Zhao , F. , Lai , M.C. , Harrington , D.L. Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 25 1999 437 562
- Drake , M.C. , Haworth , D.C. Advanced gasoline engine development using optical diagnostics and numerical modeling Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31 2007 99 124
- Yang , J. and Anderson , R. Fuel Injection Strategies to Increase Full-Load Torque Output of a Direct-Injection SI Engine SAE Technical Paper 980495 1998 10.4271/980495
- Hoag , K. Measurement and Analysis of the Effect of Wall Temperature on Instantaneous Heat Flux SAE Technical Paper 860312 1986 10.4271/860312
- Harigaya , Y. , Toda , F. , Ohyagi , S. , and Tsuji , H. Surface Temperature and Wall Heat Flux in a Spark-Ignition Engine Under Knocking and Non-Knocking Conditions SAE Technical Paper 891795 1989 10.4271/891795
- Stone , C. , Lim , E. , Ewart , P. , Lloyd , G. et al. Temperature and Heat Flux Measurements in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1214 2000 10.4271/2000-01-1214
- Kim , T. and Ghandhi , J. Development of a Simple Model to Predict Spatial Distribution of Cycle-Averaged Wall Heat Flux Using Artificial Neural Networks SAE Technical Paper 2003-32-0018 2003 10.4271/2003-32-0018
- Deslandes , W. , Dupont , A. , Baby , X. , Charnay , G. et al. PIV Measurements of Internal Aerodynamic of Diesel Combustion Chamber SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3083 2003 10.4271/2003-01-3083
- Deslandes , W. , Dumont , P. , Dupont , A. , Baby , X. et al. Airflow Cyclic Variations Analysis in Diesel Combustion Chamber by PIV Measurements SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1410 2004 10.4271/2004-01-1410
- Ghandhi , J. , Herold , R. , Shakal , J. , and Strand , T. Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in an Internal Combustion Engine SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3868 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3868
- Michael C. Drake , Todd D. Fansler , Andreas M. Lippert Stratified-charge combustion: modeling and imaging of a spray-guided direct-injection spark-ignition engine Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30 2 January 2005 2683 2691 1540-7489
- Fontanesi , S. , Cicalese , G. , and Tiberi , A. Combined In-cylinder / CHT Analyses for the Accurate Estimation of the Thermal Flow Field of a High Performance Engine for Sport Car Applications SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1088 2013 10.4271/2013-01-1088
- Stefano Fontanesi , Giuseppe Cicalese , Alessandro d'Adamo , Giuseppe Cantore A Methodology to Improve Knock Tendency Prediction in High Performance Engines Energy Procedia 45 2014 769 778 1876-6102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.082
- Giovannoni , N. , d'Adamo , A. , Cicalese , G. , and Cantore , G. Effects of Fuel-Induced Piston-Cooling and Fuel Formulation on the Formation of Fuel Deposits and Mixture Stratification in a GDI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0394 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0394
- von Kuensberg Sarre , C. , Kong , S. , and Reitz , R. Modeling the Effects of Injector Nozzle Geometry on Diesel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0912 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0912
- Bai , C. and Gosman , A. Mathematical Modelling of Wall Films Formed by Impinging Sprays SAE Technical Paper 960626 1996 10.4271/960626
- Sirignano , W.A. 1999 Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Droplets and Sprays Cambridge University Press New York
- Torres , D.J. , O'Rourke , P.J. and Amsden , A.A. 2003 Efficient multicomponent fuel algorithm Combust. Theory Modelling 7 67
- Bai , C. and Gosman , A. Development of Methodology for Spray Impingement Simulation SAE Technical Paper 950283 1995 10.4271/950283
- Rosa N.G. , Villedieu P. , Dewitte J. and Lavergne G. 2006 A New Droplet-Wall Interaction Model Paper ID ICLASS06-167, ICLASS-2006
- Habchi C. , Foucart H. , Baritaud T. Influence of the wall temperature on the mixture preparation in DI gasoline engine Oil & Gas Sci. Tecn. 54 1999 2 211 222
- Fontanesi , S. , Giacopini , M. Multiphase CFD-CHT optimization of the cooling jacket and FEM analysis of the engine head of a V6 diesel engine Applied Thermal Engineering 52 2013 293 303
- Star-CD Methodology Manual Han , Z. , Parrish S. , Farrell , PV , Reitz , RD Modeling Atomization Processes of Pressure-Swirl Hollow-Cone Fuel Sprays Atomization and Sprays 7 6 663 684
- Malaguti , S. , Fontanesi , S. , Cantore , G. , Montanaro , A. , Allocca , L. Modelling of Primary Breakup Process of a Gasoline Direct Engine Multi-Hole Spray Atomization and Sprays 23 10 861 888 2013