This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Evaluation of the Kinematic Responses and Potential Injury Mechanisms of the Jejunum during Seatbelt Loading
Technical Paper
2015-22-0009
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
High-speed biplane x-ray was used to research the kinematics of the small intestine in response to seatbelt loading. Six driver-side 3-point seatbelt simulations were conducted with the lap belt routed superior to the pelvis of six unembalmed human cadavers. Testing was conducted with each cadaver perfused, ventilated, and positioned in a fixed-back configuration with the spine angled 30° from the vertical axis. Four tests were conducted with the cadavers in an inverted position, and two tests were conducted with the cadavers upright. The jejunum was instrumented with radiopaque markers using a minimally-invasive, intraluminal approach without inducing preparation-related damage to the small intestine. Tests were conducted at a target peak lap belt speed of 3 m/s, resulting in peak lap belt loads ranging from 5.4-7.9 kN. Displacement of the radiopaque markers was recorded using high-speed x-ray from two perspectives. Marker trajectories were tracked using motion analysis software and projected into calibrated three-dimensional coordinates to quantify the seatbelt and jejunum kinematics for each test. Five of the six tests resulted in jejunum damage. Based on the autopsy findings and the assessment of the belt and jejunum kinematics, it is likely that direct abdominal interactions with the seatbelt resulting in compression and stretch of the jejunum are components of the mechanisms of crash-induced jejunum injuries. In addition, the presence of fluid or air in the portion of the jejunum in the load path appears to be necessary to create jejunum damage in the cadaver model. Overall, the kinematics and damage data generated in this study may be useful for future restraint system development.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Howes, M., Hardy, W., Agnew, A., and Hallman, J., "Evaluation of the Kinematic Responses and Potential Injury Mechanisms of the Jejunum during Seatbelt Loading," SAE Technical Paper 2015-22-0009, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-22-0009.Also In
References
- De Carvalho , D.E. , Soave , D. , Ross , K. , and Callaghan , J.P. 2010 Lumbar spine and pelvic posture between standing and sitting: a radiologic investigation including reliability and repeatability of the lumbar lordosis measure Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 33 1 48 55
- Eppinger , R.H. 1976 Prediction of thoracic injury using measurable experimental parameters Proc. 6th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles 770 779 NHTSA Washington, DC
- Foster , C.D. , Hardy , W.N. , Yang , K.H. , King , A.I. , and Hashimoto , S. 2006 High-speed seatbelt pretensioner loading of the abdomen Stapp Car Crash Journal 50 27 51
- Frampton , R. , Lenard , J. , and Compigne , S. 2012 An in-depth study of abdominal injuries sustained by car occupants in frontal crashes Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine 56 137 149
- Hardy , W.N. , Foster , C.D. , Mason , M.J. , Yang , K.H. , King , A.I. , and Tashman , S. 2001a Investigation of head injury mechanisms using neutral density technology and high-speed biplanar x-ray Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 337 368
- Hardy , W.N. , Schneider , L.W. , and Rouhana , S.W. 2001b Abdominal impact response to rigid-bar, seatbelt, and airbag loading Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 1 32
- Hardy , W.N. , Shah , C.S. , Kopacz , J.M. , Yang , K.H. , Van Ee , C.A. , Morgan , R. , and Digges , K. 2006 Study of potential mechanisms of traumatic rupture of the aorta using insitu experiments Stapp Car Crash Journal 50 247 266
- Hardy , W.N. , Shah , C.S. , Mason , M.J. , Kopacz , J.M. , Yang , K.H. , King , A.I. , Van Ee , C.A. , Bishop , J.L. , Banglmaier , R.F. , Bey , M.J. , Morgan , R.M. , and Digges , K.H. 2008 Mechanisms of traumatic rupture of the aorta and associated peri-isthmic motion and deformation Stapp Car Crash Journal 52 233 265
- Hardy , W.N. , Howes , M.K. , Kemper , A.R. , and Rouhana , S.W. 2014 Abdominal injury biomechanics Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention Yoganandan N. , Nahum A. , and Melvin J. 373 434 Springer-Verlag New York
- Howes , M.K. , Gregory , T.S. , Hardy , W.N. , and Beillas , P. 2012 Kinematics of the thoracoabdominal contents under various loading scenarios Stapp Car Crash Journal 56 1 48
- Howes , M.K. , Hardy , W.N. , and Beillas , P. 2013 The effects of cadaver orientation on the relative position of the abdominal organs Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine 57 209 223
- Howes , M.K. 2013 Injury mechanisms, tissue properties, and response of the post-mortem human abdomen in frontal impact PhD Dissertation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Klinich , K.D. , Flannagan , C.A. , Nicholson , K. , Schneider , L.W. , and Rupp , J.D. 2010 Factors associated with abdominal injury in frontal, farside, and nearside crashes Stapp Car Crash Journal 54 73 91
- Lamielle , S. , Cuny , S. , Foret-Bruno , J.Y. , Petit , P. , Vezin , P. , Verriest , J.P. , and Guillemot , H. 2006 Abdominal injury patterns in real frontal crashes: influence of crash conditions, occupant seat and restraint systems Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine 50 109 124
- Lamielle , S. , Vezin , P. , Verriest , J.P. , Petit , P. , Trosseille , X. , and Vallancien , G. 2008 3D deformation and dynamics of the human cadaver abdomen under seatbelt loading Stapp Car Crash Journal 52 267 294
- Mackersie , R.C. , Tiwary , A.D. , Shackford , S.R. , and Hoyt , D.B. 1989 Intra-abdominal injury following blunt trauma: identifying the high-risk patient using objective risk factors Archives of Surgery 124 7 809 813
- Menegaux , F. , Trésallet , C. , Gosgnach , M. , Nguyen-Thanh , Q. , Langeron , O. , and Riou , B. 2006 Diagnosis of bowel and mesenteric injuries in blunt abdominal trauma: a prospective study The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 24 1 19 24
- Padgaonkar , A.J. 1976 Validation study of a three-dimensional crash victim simulator for pedestrian-vehicle impact PhD Dissertation Wayne State University
- Reed , M.P. , Ebert , S.M. , and Hallman , J.J. 2013 Effects of driver characteristics on seat belt fit Stapp Car Crash Journal 57 43 57
- Rouhana , S.W. , Lau , I.V. , and Ridella , S.A. 1985 Influence of velocity and forced compression on the severity of abdominal injury in blunt, nonpenetrating lateral impact Journal of Trauma 25 6 490 500
- Rouhana , S.W. 1987 Abdominal injury prediction in lateral impact - an analysis of the biofidelity of the Euro-SID abdomen Proc. 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference 95 104 Paper No. 872203 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Schneider , L.W. , Robbins , D.H. , Pflug , M.A. , and Snyder , R.G. 1983 Development of anthropometrically based design specifications for an advanced adult anthropomorphic dummy family, volume 1 Contract No. DTNH22-80-C-07502 University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Ann Arbor, MI
- Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 J211/1 Instrumentation for impact test - part 1 -electronic instrumentation Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Society of Automotive Engineers 2015 J1727 Calculation guidelines for impact testing Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Trosseille , X. , Le-Coz , J-Y. , Potier , P. , and Lassau , J-P 2002 Abdominal response to high-speed seatbelt loading Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 71 79
- Untaroiu , C.D. , Bose , D. , Lu , Y.C. , Riley , P. , Lessley , D. , and Sochor , M. 2012 Effect of seat belt pretensioners on human abdomen and thorax: biomechanical response and risk of injuries Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 72 5 1304 1315
- Yaguchi , M. , Omoda , Y. , Ono , K. , Masuda , M. , and Onda , K. 2011 Traffic accident analysis towards the development of an advanced frontal crash test dummy indispensable for further improving vehicle occupant protection performance Proc. 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) Paper No. 11-0221 Washington, DC