This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Directional Emissions Predictions of NO x and Soot of a Diesel ICE via Numerical Simulation
Technical Paper
2015-01-2880
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The use of numerical simulations in the development processes of engineering products has been more frequent, since it enables prediction of premature failures and study of new promising concepts. In industry, numerical simulation has the function of reducing the necessary number of validation tests prior to spending resources on alternatives with lower likelihood of success. The internal combustion Diesel engine plays an important role in Brazil, since they are used extensively in automotive applications and commercial cargo transportation, mainly due to their relevant advantage in fuel consumption and reliability. In this case, the most critical pollutants are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) or soot. The reduction of their levels without affecting the engine performance is not a simple task. This paper presents a methodology for guiding the combustion analysis by the prediction of NOx emissions and soot using numerical simulation. The methodology includes the use of 1D flow analysis using GT-Power and a three dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model flow inside the cylinder (using KIVA code), including models for turbulence, jet break-up process and models to predict emissions using kinetic chemistry.
Injector design parameters were varied in order to evaluate the fidelity of the model through the qualitative trends found in tests. The effects of variations in engine load and fraction of dilution were also considered. The models were used to evaluate the sensitivity to variation of injector parameters.
The results show good success in determining the qualitative trends in the simulated emissions values, especially regarding NOx estimation, for which the model correctly predicted the emissions trends in 93% of the cases.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Almeida, F., Zoldak, P., Pimenta, M., and Lacava, P., "Directional Emissions Predictions of NOx and Soot of a Diesel ICE via Numerical Simulation," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-2880, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2880.Also In
References
- Argachoy , C. & Pimenta , O. P. Phenomenological Model of Particulate Matter Emission from Direct Injection Diesel Engines Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science and Engineering XXVII 3 266 273 ABCM 2005
- FEV New challenges to meet Euro VI Emission Regulation Standards for HDD Engine Internal Report FEV GmbH Germany 2014
- Heywood , J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill 1988
- Zabeu , C. B. Análise de Combustão em Motores Baseada na Medição de Pressão Master's Dissertation Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo 1999
- Abani , N. , Kokjohn , S. , Park , S. , Bergin , M. et al. An Improved Spray Model for Reducing Numerical Parameter Dependencies in Diesel Engine CFD Simulations SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0970 2008 10.4271/2008-01-0970
- von Kuensberg Sarre , C. , Kong , S. , and Reitz , R. Modeling the Effects of Injector Nozzle Geometry on Diesel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0912 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0912
- Tamaki , N. , Nishida , K. , Hiroyasu , H. and Shimizu , M. Effect of the Internal Flow in a Nozzle Hole on the Breakup Process of a Liquid Jet Proc. ICLASS-97 417 424 1997
- Tao , F. , Liu , Y. , RempelEwert , B. , Foster , D. et al. Modeling the Effects of EGR and Injection Pressure on Soot Formation in a High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) Diesel Engine Using a Multi-Step Phenomenological Soot Model SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0121 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0121
- Idicheria , C. and Pickett , L. Soot Formation in Diesel Combustion under High-EGR Conditions SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3834 2005 10.4271/2005-01-3834
- Ladommatos , N. , Abdelhalim , S. , Zhao , H. , and Hu. , Z. Effects of EGR on Heat Release in Diesel Combustion SAE Technical Paper 980184 1998 10.4271/980184
- Lakshminarayanan , P. A. , & Aghav Y. A. Modelling Diesel Combustion Springer-Verlag India 2009
- Hiroyasu , H. and Arai , M. Structures of Fuel Sprays in Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 900475 1990 10.4271/900475
- Sodja , J. & Podgornik , R. Turbulence models in CFD Faculty for mathematics and physics, Department of physics, University of Ljubljana 2007
- Amsden , A. , O'Rourke , P. J. , e Butler , T. D. KIVA II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-11560-MS Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 1989
- Su , T. , Patterson , M. , Reitz , R. , and Farrell , P. Experimental and Numerical Studies of High Pressure Multiple Injection Sprays SAE Technical Paper 960861 1996 10.4271/960861
- Bianchi , G. and Pelloni , P. Modeling the Diesel Fuel Spray Breakup by Using a Hybrid Model SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0226 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0226
- Beale , J. C. & Reitz , R. D. Modeling Spray Atomization with the Kelvin-Helmoltz/Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model Atomization and Spray 9 623 650 Redding, Connecticut 1999
- Kong , S. , Han , Z. , and Reitz , R. The Development and Application of a Diesel Ignition and Combustion Model for Multidimensional Engine Simulation SAE Technical Paper 950278 1995 10.4271/950278
- Ricart , L. M. & Reitz , R. D. Comparisons of diesel spray liquid penetration and vapor fuel distributions within-cylinder optical measurements Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122 588 595 2000
- Xin J. , Montgomery , D. , Han Z. , Reitz , R. D. Multidimensional Modeling of Combustion for a Six-Mode Emissions Test Cycle on a Dl Diesel Engine Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, ASME July 1997 119 683 691 1997
- Bergeron , C. A. & Hallett , W. L. H. Ignition Characteristics of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels as Single Droplets Canadian J. of Chem. Engineering 67 142 149 1989
- Yakhot , V. , Orszag , S. A. Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence Physical Review Letters 7 1722 1723 1986
- Han , Z. Y. & Reitz , R. D. Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines Using RNG k-ε Models Combustion Scientific and Technology 106 267 295 1995
- Han , Z. Y. & Reitz , R. D. A Temperature Wall Function Formulation for Variable-Density Turbulent Flows with Application to Engine Convective Heat Transfer Modeling International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40 3 613 625 1996
- Dodd , A. & Holubecki , Z. The measurement of diesel exhaust smoke MIRA Report Number 1965/10 Nuneaton in Warwickshire, United Kingdom 1965
- Ricart , L. , Xin , J. , Bower , G. , and Reitz , R. In-Cylinder Measurement and Modeling of Liquid Fuel Spray Penetration in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 971591 1997 10.4271/971591
- Teakle , R. P. A Numerical Investigation of a Two-Stroke Poppet Valved Diesel Engine Concept PhD Thesis, Mechanical, Manufacturing and Medical Engineering Queensland University of Technology 2004
- Halstead , M. , Kirsh , L. & Quinn , C. The Autoignition of Hydrocarbon Fuels at High Temperatures and Pressures -Fitting of a Mathematical Model Combust. Flame 30 45 60 1977
- Singh , S. , Reitz , R. , and Musculus , M. Comparison of the Characteristic Time (CTC), Representative Interactive Flamelet (RIF), and Direct Integration with Detailed Chemistry Combustion Models against Optical Diagnostic Data for Multi-Mode Combustion in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0055 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0055