This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Water-Gas-Shift Catalyst Development and Optimization for a D-EGR ® Engine
Technical Paper
2015-01-1968
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Dedicated Exhaust Gas Recirculation (D-EGR®) technology provides a novel means for fuel efficiency improvement through efficient, on-board generation of H2 and CO reformate [1, 2]. In the simplest form of the D-EGR configuration, reformate is produced in-cylinder through rich combustion of the gasoline-air charge mixture. It is also possible to produce more H2 by means of a Water Gas Shift (WGS) catalyst, thereby resulting in further combustion improvements and overall fuel consumption reduction. In industrial applications, the WGS reaction has been used successfully for many years. Previous engine applications of this technology, however, have only proven successful to a limited degree. The motivation for this work was to develop and optimize a WGS catalyst which can be employed to a D-EGR configuration of an internal combustion engine.
This study consists of two parts. For the first part, a statistical matrix of 45 catalyst formulations was designed utilizing a previously tested prototype WGS catalyst as the basis. The catalysts were prepared as core samples and evaluated in a Universal Synthetic Gas Reactor® (USGR®). The results indicated that Rhodium and Barium have beneficial effects on performance, whereas Palladium has no effect or even a slightly detrimental effect. The most promising four formulations were further tested to directly quantify H2 production. Finally, the formulation with the greatest potential was selected and full size catalysts were prepared for on-engine evaluation. In the second part of this study, the optimized catalyst was installed in the exhaust stream of a modern gasoline engine to quantify performance under real exhaust conditions. The on-engine tests demonstrated the catalyst's capability of producing significant quantities of H2. However, the formulation was not stable in the exhaust operating environment, leading to an activity loss over a period of approximately 12 hours.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Raphael Gukelberger - Southwest Research Institute
- Gordon J. Bartley - Southwest Research Institute
- Jess Gingrich - Southwest Research Institute
- Terrence Alger - Southwest Research Institute
- Steven Almaraz - Southwest Research Institute
- Janet Buckingham - Southwest Research Institute
- Cary Henry - Southwest Research Institute
Citation
Gukelberger, R., Bartley, G., Gingrich, J., Alger, T. et al., "Water-Gas-Shift Catalyst Development and Optimization for a D-EGR® Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1968, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1968.Also In
References
- Alger , T. and Mangold , B. Dedicated EGR: A New Concept in High Efficiency Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 620 631 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0694
- Gingrich , J. , Mehta , D. , Alger , T. , Czekala , M. et al. Application of a Dedicated EGR Configuration to a V6 Engine - A novel concept for high efficiency gasoline engines The Eighth International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanced Fukuoka 2012
- Schefer , R. W. Hydrogen enrichment for improved lean flame stability International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 28 10 1131 1141 2003 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00199-4
- Ma , F. and Wang , Y. Study on the extension of lean operation limit through hydrogen enrichment in a natural gas spark-ignition engine International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 4 1416 1424 2008 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.040
- Shinagawa , T. , Okumura , T. , Furuno , S. , and Kim , K. Effects of Hydrogen Addition to SI Engine on Knock Behavior SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1851 2004 10.4271/2004-01-1851
- Szwaja , S. , Bhandary , K. R. , and Naber , J. D. Comparisons of hydrogen and gasoline combustion knock in a spark ignition engine International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 18 5076 5087 2007
- Wieland , S. , Baumann , F. , and Starz , K. New Powerful Catalysts for Autothermal Reforming of Hydrocarbons and Water-Gas Shift Reaction for on-board Hydrogen Generation in Automotive PEMFC Applications SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0234 2001 10.4271/2001-01-0234
- Virden , J. W. , Surma , J. E. , Bromberg , L. , Rabinovich , A. et al. A Feasibility Evaluation of a Thermal Plasma Fuel Reformer for Supplemental Hydrogen Addition to Internal Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-2239 1999 10.4271/1999-01-2239
- Green , J. B. , Domingo , N. , Storey , J. M. E. , Wagner , R. M. et al. Experimental Evaluation of SI Engine Operation Supplemented by Hydrogen Rich Gas from a Compact Plasma Boosted Reformer SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2206 2000 10.4271/2000-01-2206
- Fowler , J. , Morgenstern , D. , Sall , E. , and Veinbergs , M. Integration of an E85 Reforming System into a Vehicle-Ready Package and Project Results SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1191 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1191
- Chadwell , C. , Alger , T. , Zuehl , J. , and Gukelberger , R. A Demonstration of Dedicated EGR on a 2.0 L GDI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 7 1 434 447 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1190
- Gukelberger , R. , Gingrich , J. , Alger , T. , and Almaraz , S. Potential and Challenges for a Water-Gas-Shift Catalyst as a Combustion Promoter on a D-EGR® Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 8 2 583 595 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0784
- Teng , H. and Regner , G. Particulate Fouling in EGR Coolers SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 2 2 154 163 2010 10.4271/2009-01-2877
- Abd-Elhadya , M. S , Malayerib , M. R. , and Müller-Steinhagen , H. Fouling Problems in Exhaust Gas Recirculation Coolers in the Automotive Industry Heat Transfer Engineering 32 3 4 248 257 2011
- Myers , R. H. , Montgomery , D. C. , and Anderson-Cook , C. M. Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments 3rd 2009 John Wiley & Sons 978-0-470-17446-3
- http://suncat.slac.stanford.edu/Syngas-Conversion Stanford University Center for Interface Science and Catalysts 17th Aug 2012
- Topinka , A. , Gerty , M. D. , Heywood , J. B. , and Keck , J. C. Knock Behavior of a Lean-Burn, H2 and CO Enhanced, SI Gasoline Engine Concept SAE International 2004-01-0975 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0975
- Kawabata , Y. , Sakonji , T. , and Amano , T. The Effect of NOX on Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE International 1999-01-0572 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0572
- Choi , Y. and Stenger , H. G. Water Gas Shift Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Modeling for Fuel Cell Grade Hydrogen Science Direct, Journal of Power Sources 124 2 432 439 2003 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00614-1
- Freni , S. , Calogero , G. and Cavallaro , S. Hydrogen Production from Methane Through Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reactions Journal of Power Sources 87 1 28 38 2000
- Hickman , D. and Schmidt , L. Production of Syngas by Direct Catalytic Oxidation of Methane Science 259 343 346 1993