This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Performance and Emissions of Lignin and Cellulose Based Oxygenated Fuels in a Compression-Ignition Engine
Technical Paper
2015-01-0910
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass consists of (hemi-) cellulose and lignin. Accordingly, an integrated biorefinery will seek to valorize both streams into higher value fuels and chemicals. To this end, this study evaluated the overall combustion performance of both cellulose- and lignin derivatives, namely the high cetane number (CN) di-n-butyl ether (DnBE) and low CN anisole, respectively. Said compounds were blended both separately and together with EN590 diesel. Experiments were conducted in a single cylinder compression ignition engine, which has been optimized for improved combustion characteristics with respect to low emission levels and at the same time high fuel efficiency. The selected operating conditions have been adopted from previous “Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass (TMFB)” work. Although particulate matter emissions benefitted from the combination of anisole and DnBE, overall performance, including also indicated efficiency, load ignitability, as well as unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, was best for the diesel blend with the lowest anisole concentration of 10% and a CN of 45. Furthermore, the results suggested that CN has more impact than fuel oxygen content, with lower CN leading to improved overall performance. This improvement, however, appeared to have an optimum for CN's in the range of 37-45. A further reduction to 30.5 or increase to 56 generally decreased overall performance.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zhou, L., Heuser, B., Boot, M., Kremer, F. et al., "Performance and Emissions of Lignin and Cellulose Based Oxygenated Fuels in a Compression-Ignition Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0910, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0910.Also In
References
- Zhang S. , Marechal , F. & Garssner , M. Process modeling and integration of fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass based on double acid hydrolysis Energy and Fuels 23 3 2009 1759 1765
- Kamm , B. & Kamm , M. Principles of biorefineries Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 64 2004 137 145
- Hendriks , A. & Zeeman , G. Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass Bioresource Technology 100 1 2009 10 18
- Effendi , A. , Gerhauser , H. & Bridgwater , A. Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12 2008 2092 2116
- Janssen , A. , Muether , M. , Pischinger , S. , Kolbeck , A. et al. Tailor-Made Fuels for Future Advanced Diesel Combustion Engines SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1811 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1811
- Janssen , A. , Kremer , F. , Baron , M. & Müther , M. et al. Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass for homogeneous low-temperature diesel combustion Energy and Fuels 25 10 2011 4734 4744
- Hurfft , S. & Kleln , M. Reaction Pathway Analysis of Thermal and Catalytic Lignin Fragmentation by Use of Model Compounds Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 22 1983 426 430
- Pandey , M. & Kim , C. Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods Chemical Engineering & Technology 34 1 2011 29 41
- Zhou , L. Emission reduction in compression-ignition engines by fuel tuning PhD Thesis Eindhoven University of Technology 2013
- Zhou , L. , Boot , M. & Johansson , B. Comparison of emissions and performance between saturated cyclic oxygenates and aromatics in a heavy-duty diesel engine Fuel 113 2013 239 247
- Zhou , L. , Boot , M. , Johansson , B. & Reijnders , J. Performance of lignin derived aromatic oxygenates in a heavy-duty diesel engine Fuel 115 2014 469 478
- Zakzeski , J. , Bruijnincx , P.C.A. , Jongerius , A.L. & Weckhuysen , B.M. The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals Chemical Reviews 110 2010 3552 3599
- Evans , R. J. , Milne , T. A. , Soltys , M. N. & Anal. , J. Direct Mass-Spectrometric Studies of the Pyrolysis of Carbonaceous Fuels Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 9 1986 207 236
- Huang , X. , Koranyi , T. , Boot , M. & Hensen , E. Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin in Supercritical Ethanol ChemSusChem 27 2014 7 8 2276 88
- Huber , G. , Iborra , S. & Corma , A. Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering Chemical Reviews 106 2006 4044 4098
- Windt , M. , Meier , D. , Marsman , J. & Heeres , H. et al. Micro-pyrolysis of technical lignins in a new modular rig and product analysis by GC-MS/FID and GC×GC-TOFMS/FID Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 85 2009 38 46
- Villar , J. , Caperos , A. & García-Ochoa , F. Oxidation of hardwood kraft-lignin to phenolic derivatives with oxygen as oxidant Wood Science and Technology 35 2001 245 255
- Runnebaum , R. , Nimmanwudipong , T. , Block , D. & Gates , B. Catalytic conversion of compounds representative of lignin-derived bio-oils: a reaction network for guaiacol, anisole, 4-methylanisole, and cyclohexanone conversion catalysed by Pt/ γ -Al2O3 Catalysis Science & Technology 2 2012 113 118
- Miller , J. , Evans , L. , Littlewolf , A. & Trudell , D. Batch microreactor studies of lignin and lignin model compound depolymerization by bases in alcohol solvents Fuel 78 1999 1363 1368
- Brassat , A. , Thewes , M. , Müther , M. , Pischinger , S. et al. Analysis of the Effects of Certain Alcohol and Furan-Based Biofuels on Controlled Auto Ignition SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1135 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1135
- Heuser , B. , Kremer , F. , Pischinger , S. , and Klankermayer , J. Optimization of Diesel Combustion and Emissions with Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6 3 922 934 2013 10.4271/2013-24-0059
- Heuser , B. , Kremer , F. , Pischinger , S. , Julis , J. et al. Optimization of Diesel Combustion and Emissions with Newly Derived Biogenic Alcohols SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2690 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2690
- World Bank Commodities Price Forecast 2015 http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/GEP/GEP2015a/Price_Forecast.pdf 26 01 2015
- Pandey , A. , Larroche , C. , Ricke , S. & Dussap , C. et al. Biofuels-Alternative Feedstocks and Conversion Processes Elsevier Oxford 2011
- Karas , L. & Piel , W. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Fifth 9 576 1994
- Amore , M. , Manzer , L. , Miller , E. & Dicosimo , R. Patent WO 2007149401 A2 2007
- Cracknell , R. , Rickeard , D. , Ariztegui , J. , Rose , K. et al. Advanced Combustion for Low Emissions and High Efficiency Part 2: Impact of Fuel Properties on HCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2404 2008 10.4271/2008-01-2404
- Herreros , J. , Jones , A. , Sukjit , E. & Tsolakis , A. Blending lignin-derived oxygenate in enhanced multi-component diesel fuel for improved emissions Applied Energy 116 2014 58 65