This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Design of a Morphing Bi-Stable Composite Air Intake
Technical Paper
2015-01-0066
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A morphing ram-air intake, capable of deploying from a flat, closed surface to an open state is investigated. Via geometric and material optimisation, an origami-inspired folding structure is developed to exhibit bi-stable behaviour. An iterative finite element design process was conducted, noting the effects of the critical design properties of geometry, bending stiffness and material strain limits on bi-stability and the achievable geometric shape change. As a first step, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer materials are proposed while increased stiffness by fibre reinforcements are considered at a later design stage and evaluated under aerodynamic loading. The bi-stable structure is capable of remaining in either open or closed stable configurations without sustained actuation. The ability to retract the intake when not required has the potential to reduce drag. It is envisioned that such a concept may be readily adopted within automotive and aerospace applications.
Authors
Citation
Spiteri, L., Daynes, S., and Watkins, S., "Design of a Morphing Bi-Stable Composite Air Intake," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0066, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0066.Also In
References
- McBeath , S. Competition car aerodynamics USA Haynes Publishing 2006 9781844252305
- Jama , H. , Watkins , S. , and Dixon , C. Reduced Drag and Adequate Cooling for Passenger Vehicles Using Variable Area Front Air Intakes SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0342 2006 10.4271/2006-01-0342
- Katz , J. Race car aerodynamics - designing for speed USA Bentley Publishers 1995 9780837601427
- Frick , C.W. , Davis , W.F. , Randall , L.N. , and Mossman , E.A. 1945 An experimental investigation of NACA submerged-duct entrances USA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
- Thill , C. , Etches , J. , Bond , I. , Potter , K. et al. Morphing skins The Aeronautical Journal 112 1129 117 139 2008
- Wagg , D. , Bond , I. , Weaver , P. , and Friswell , M.I. Adaptive Structures: Engineering Applications UK John Wiley & Sons 2006 9780470056974
- Campanile , L.F. Lightweight shape-adaptable airfoils: a new challenge for an old dream Adaptive structures: engineering applications Wagg , D. , Bond , I. , Weaver , P. and Friswel , M. UK John Wiley & Sons 2007 9780470056974
- Murugan , S. , Saavedra Flores , E.I. , Adhikari , S. , and Friswell , M.I. Optimal design of variable fiber spacing composites for morphing aircraft skins Composite Structures 94 5 1626 1633 2012 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.12.023
- Daynes , S. , and Weaver , P.M. Review of shape-morphing automobile structures: concepts and outlook Proc IMechE Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 227 11 1603 1622 2013 10.1177/0954407013496557
- Bubert , E.A. , Woods , B.K.S. , Lee , K. , Kothera , C.S. et al. Design and Fabrication of a Passive 1D Morphing Aircraft Skin Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 21 17 1699 1717 2010 10.1177/1045389x10378777
- Prasad , J. , and Diaz , A.R. Synthesis of Bistable Periodic Structures Using Topology Optimization and a Genetic Algorithm Journal of Mechanical Design 128 6 1298 1306 2005 10.1115/1.2338576
- Mattioni , F. , Weaver , P.M. , Potter , K.D. , and Friswell , M.I. Analysis of thermally induced multistable composites International Journal of Solids and Structures 45 2 657 675 2007 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.08.031
- Santer , M. , and Pellegrino , S. Concept and design of a multistable plate structure Journal of Mechanical Design 133 1-7 2011 10.1115/1.4004459
- Mattioni , F. , Weaver , P.M. , Potter , K. , and Friswell , M.I. Multi-stable composites application concept for morphing aircraft 16th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies 2005 Paris, France 9 12 October
- Eckstein , E. , and Weaver , P.M. Developments in Morphing Composites 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 2012 Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 23 26 April
- Baier , H. , and Datashvili , L. Active and morphing aerospace structures-a synthesis between advanced materials, structures and mechanisms International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Science 12 3 211 224 2011 10.5139/IJASS.2011.12.3.225
- Seffen , K.A. ‘Morphing’ bistable orthotropic elliptical shallow shells Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science 463 67-83 2007 10.1098/rspa.2006.1750
- Seffen , K.A. Mechanical memory metal: a novel material for developing morphing engineering structures Scripta Materialia 55 4 411 414 2006 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.03.028
- Golabchi , M.R. , and Guest , S. Morphing multistable textured shells Proc IASS Symp. Evolution and Trends in Design, Analysis and Construction of Shell and Spatial Structures 2009 Valencia, Spain 28 September 2 October
- Daynes , S. , Weaver , P.M. , and Trevarthen , J.A. A Morphing Composite Air Inlet with Multiple Stable Shapes Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22 9 961 973 2011 10.1177/1045389x11399943
- Daynes , S. , Grisdale , A. , Seddon , A. , and Trask , R. Morphing structures using soft polymers for active deployment Smart Materials and Structures 21 1 1 6 2014 10.1088/0964-1726/23/1/012001
- Kebadze , E. , Guest , S.D. , and Pellegrino , S. Bistable prestressed shell structures International Journal of Solids and Structures 41 11-12 2801 2820 2004 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.01.028
- Dano , M. , and Hyer , M.W. Thermally-induced deformation behavior of unsymmetric laminates International Journal of Solids and Structures 35 17 2101 2120 1998 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00167-4
- Daynes , S. , and Weaver , P. Analysis of unsymmetric CFRP-metal hybrid laminates for use in adaptive structures Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 41 11 1712 1718 2010 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.08.009
- Etches , J. , Potter , K. , Weaver , P. , and Bond , I. Environmental effects on thermally induced multistability in unsymmetric composite laminates Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 40 8 1240 1247 2009 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.05.018
- Gigliotti , M. , Wisnom , M.R. , and Potter , K.D. Loss of bifurcation and multiple shapes of thin [0/90] unsymmetric composite plates subject to thermal stress Composites Science and Technology 64 1 109 128 2004 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00213-6
- Hyer , M.W. The Room-Temperature Shapes of Four-Layer Unsymmetric Cross-Ply Laminates Journal of Composite Materials 16 4 318 340 1982 10.1177/002199838201600406
- Li , H. , Dai , F. , Weaver , P.M. , and Du , S. Bistable hybrid symmetric laminates Composite Structures 116 0 782 792 2014 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.05.030
- Portela , P. , Camanho , P. , Weaver , P. , and Bond , I. Analysis of morphing, multi stable structures actuated by piezoelectric patches Computers & Structures 86 3-5 347 356 2008 10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.01.032
- Potter , K.D. , and Weaver , P.M. A concept for the generation of out-of-plane distortion from tailored FRP laminates Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 35 12 1353 1361 2004 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.06.022
- Daynes , S. , Potter , K.D. , and Weaver , P.M. Bistable prestressed buckled laminates Composites Science and Technology 68 15-16 3431 3437 2008 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.036
- Daynes , S. , Diaconu , C.G. , Potter , K.D. , and Weaver , P.M. Bistable Prestressed Symmetric Laminates Journal of Composite Materials 44 9 1119 1137 2010 10.1177/0021998309351603
- Brampton , C.J. , Betts , D.N. , Bowen , C.R. , and Kim , H.A. Sensitivity of bistable laminates to uncertainties in material properties, geometry and environmental conditions Composite Structures 102 0 276 286 2013 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.03.005
- Choi , H.S. , Ahn , K.J. , Nam , J.D. , and Chun , H.J. Hygroscopic aspects of epoxy/carbon fiber composite laminates in aircraft environments Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 32 5 709 720 2001 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00145-7
- Tuttle , M.E. , Koehler , R.T. , and Keren , D. Controlling Thermal Stresses in Composites by Means of Fiber Prestress Journal of Composite Materials 30 4 486 502 1996 10.1177/002199839603000404
- Yee , J.C.H. , and Pellegrino , S. Folding of woven composite structures Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 36 2 273 278 2005 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.06.017
- Daynes , S. , Weaver , P.M. , and Potter , K.D. Aeroelastic Study of Bistable Composite Airfoils Journal of Aircraft 46 6 2169 2174 2009 10.2514/1.44287
- Diaconu , C.G. , Weaver , P.M. , and Mattioni , F. Concepts for morphing airfoil sections using bi-stable laminated composite structures Thin-Walled Structures 46 6 689 701 2008 10.1016/j.tws.2007.11.002
- Tawfik , S.A. 2008 Stability and morphing characteristics of bistable composite laminates PhD Thesis Georgia Institute of Technology USA
- Murray , G. , Gandhi , F. , and Bakis , C. Flexible Matrix Composite Skins for One-dimensional Wing Morphing Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 21 17 1771 1781 2010 10.1177/1045389x10369719
- López Jiménez , F. , and Pellegrino , S. Folding of fiber composites with a hyperelastic matrix International Journal of Solids and Structures 49 3-4 395 407 2012 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.09.010
- Ilievski , F. , Mazzeo , A.D. , Shepherd , R.F. , Chen , X. et al. Soft Robotics for Chemists Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50 8 1890 1895 2011 10.1002/anie.201006464
- Martinez , R.V. , Fish , C.R. , Chen , X. , and Whitesides , G.M. Elastomeric Origami: Programmable Paper-Elastomer Composites as Pneumatic Actuators Advanced Functional Materials 22 7 1376 1384 2012 10.1002/adfm.201102978
- Datashvili , L. , Baier , H. , Wehrle , E. , Kuhn , T. et al. Large shell-membrane space reflectors 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference 2010 Florida, USA 12 15 April
- Datashvili , L. , Nathrath , N. , Lang , M. , Baier , H. et al. New concepts and reflecting materials for space borne large deployable reflector antennas 28th ESA Antenna Workshop on Space Antenna Systems and Technologies 2005 Noordwijk, The Netherlands 31 May 3 June
- Lake , M.S. , and Campbell , D. The fundamentals of designing deployable structures with elastic memory composites 2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference 2004 Montana, USA 13 March
- Tupper , M. , Munshi , N. , Beavers , F. , Gall , K. et al. Developments in elastic memory composite materials for spacecraft deployable structures IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings 2001 Montana, USA 10 17 March
- Schultz , M. , and Hyer , M. A Morphing Concept Based on Unsymmetric Composite Laminates and Piezoceramic MFC Actuators 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference 2004 Palm Springs, California 19 22 April
- Dano , M. , and Hyer , M. SMA-induced snap-through of unsymmetric fiber-reinforced composite laminates International Journal of Solids and Structures 40 22 5949 5972 2003 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00374-3
- Hanna , B.H. , Lund , J.L. , Lang , R.J. , Magleby , S.P. et al. Waterbomb base: a symmetric single-vertex bistable origami mechanism Smart Materials and Structures 23 9 094009 2014 10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/094009
- Schenk , M. , and Guest , S.D. Origami folding: a structural engineering approach Origami 5: Fifth International Meeting of Origami Science, Mathematics, and Education Wang Iverson , P. , Lang , R.J. , Yim , M. Singapore Taylor & Francis Group 2010 291 303 9781568817149
- Seffen , K.A. Compliant shell mechanisms Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370 1965 2010 2026 2012 10.1098/rsta.2011.0347
- CES EduPack Software Granta Design Ltd UK
- Daniel , I.M. , and Ishai , O. Engineering mechanics of composite materials 2nd UK Oxford University Press 2005 9780195150971