This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Crude Tall Oil-Based Renewable Diesel in Passenger Car Field Test
Technical Paper
2014-01-2774
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The Finnish pulp and paper company, UPM, will start a biorefinery in Finland in 2014 to produce advanced renewable diesel in commercial scale. The fuel production is based on using crude tall oil (CTO), a wood-based residue of pulping process, as a raw material. The end product, CTO based renewable diesel called UPM BioVerno, is a novel high quality drop-in diesel fuel resembling fossil diesel. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80 % when compared to fossil fuels.
In this study, the CTO renewable diesel was studied as a blending component in regular mineral-oil based fossil diesel fuel in field testing. The functionality and performance of four (4) passenger cars was evaluated by comparing e.g. fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of CTO renewable diesel blend (R20UPM) with fossil reference fuel.
The field test included 20.000 km on-road driving with each car by experienced drivers from VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The test included driving with variable trip lengths, traffic and climate conditions. Initial, mid-term and final in-laboratory tests were run for performance and emissions. Four other make/model cars were subjected to similar tests with R20UPM and reference diesel. Apart from regulated exhaust emissions, a list of non-regulated species was also measured. The main findings of these field and in-laboratory tests are discussed in this article.
CTO renewable diesel proved to be a high quality blending component that did not change the functionality or the emission characteristics of the tested diesel passenger cars. There was no difference in fuel consumption or exhaust emissions compared to the reference diesel. Furthermore, use of test fuel R20UPM resulted in lower NOX emissions than if DFO fuel was used, on average. The test vehicle engines showed high performance in all conditions during the full length of the on-road test. The fleet test has therefore shown that CTO based renewable diesel works in passenger cars as well as regular diesel.
Authors
- Juhani K. Laurikko - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Nils-Olof Nylund - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Paivi Aakko-Saksa - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Sari Mannonen - UPM Biofuels
- Ville Vauhkonen - UPM Biofuels
- Piritta Roslund - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Topic
Citation
Laurikko, J., Nylund, N., Aakko-Saksa, P., Mannonen, S. et al., "Crude Tall Oil-Based Renewable Diesel in Passenger Car Field Test," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2774, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2774.Also In
References
- European Commission Directive 2009/28/EC: Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources European Union 2009
- Gröger V. Poisoning of automotive exhaust gas catalyst components: the role of phosphorus in the poisoning phenomena Oulu Acta Universitatis Ouluensis 2007
- Hajbabaei M. , Johnson K. C. , Okamoto R. A. , Mitchell A. , Pullman M. and Durbin T. D. Evaluation of the Impacts of Biodiesel and Second Generation Biofuels on NOx Emissions for CARB Diesel Fuels Environmental Science and Technology 46 16 9163 9173 2012
- Murtonen , T. , Aakko-Saksa , P. , Kuronen , M. , Mikkonen , S. et al. Emissions with Heavy-duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles using FAME, HVO and GTL Fuels with and without DOC+POC Aftertreatment SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 2 147 166 2009 10.4271/2009-01-2693
- Foran D. C. Tall Oil Soap Recovery Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Processes 1992 45 56
- Hoekman K. S. and Robbins C. Review of the effects of biodiesel on NOx emissions Fuel Processing Technology 96 237 249 2012
- Yamane K. , Kawasaki K. , Sone K. , Hara T. and Prakoso T. Oxidation stability of biodiesel and its effects on diesel combustion and emission characteristics International Journal of Engine Research 8 307 319 2007
- Szybist J. P. , Boehman A. L. , Taylor J. D. and McCormick R. L. Evaluation of formulation strategies to eliminate the biodiesel NOx effect Fuel Processing Technology 86 1109 1126 2005
- Karavalakis G. , Stournas S. and Karonis D. Evaluation of the oxidation stability of diesel/biodiesel blends Fuel 89 2483 2489 2010
- Rokosz M. J. , Chen A. E. , Lowe-Ma C. K. , Kucherov A. V. , Benson D. , Paputa Peck M. C. and McCabe R. W. Characterization of phosphorus-poisoned automotive exhaust catalysts Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 33 205 215 2001
- Knothe G. Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability Fuel Processing Technology 88 669 677 2007
- Knothe G. Biodiesel and renewable diesel: A comparison Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 36 364 373 2009
- State of California California Environmental Protection Agency STAFF REPORT Multimedia Evaluation of Biodiesel State of California California Environmental Protection Agency 2013
- Heuser , B. , Vauhkonen , V. , Mannonen , S. , Rohs , H. et al. Crude Tall Oil-Based Renewable Diesel as a Blending Component in Passenger Car Diesel Engines SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 6 3 817 825 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2685
- Vauhkonen V. , Mannonen S. and Niemi S. Crude tall oil based renewable diesel as a blending component Bioenergy 2013 - Book of Proceedings Bioenergia ry Jyväskylä 2013