This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Impact of Fuel Properties on Diesel Engine Emissions and a Feasible Solution for Common Calibration
Technical Paper
2014-01-2367
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Fuel properties impact the engine-out emission directly. For some geographic regions where diesel engines can meet emission regulations without aftertreatment, the change of fuel properties will lead to final tailpipe emission variation. Aftertreatment systems such as Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are required for diesel engines to meet stringent regulations. These regulations include off-road Tier 4 Final emission regulations in the USA or the corresponding Stage IV emission regulations in Europe. As an engine with an aftertreatment system, the change of fuel properties will also affect the system conversion efficiency and regeneration cycle.
Previous research works focus on prediction of engine-out emission, and many are based on chemical reactions. Due to the complex mixing, pyrolysis and reaction process in heterogeneous combustion, it is not cost-effective to find a general model to predict emission shifting due to fuel variation. Some empirical models use testing data as input to locate relationships between controlled inputs and engine response. The typical controlled inputs are Engine Control Module (ECM) parameters. These empirical models usually do not have fuel properties as an independent input, so the empirical models cannot predict the emission change when fuel properties change.
This paper investigates the effects of fuel properties on engine-out emission. The challenges of theoretic combustion calculation are discussed, as well as the root causes of emission variation. A regression model, which includes heat-release characteristics, is also presented. The increase in the fuel cetane number leads to the reduction of the ignition delay. When there is a phase change due to the ignition delay in light load operating conditions, Particulate Matter (PM) emission shows considerable variation.
The Low Pressure Bypass Waste Gate (LPBWG) turbo charger is introduced in this paper as a feasible solution for engine rating calibration. The LPBWG can adjust air flow at light load operating conditions to compensate for the change of fuel properties. With LPBWG installed on turbo chargers, a diesel engine can keep the common calibration maps when an engine runs with different fuels. This solution is particularly suitable to constant-speed diesel engines, such as an electric generation set diesel engine.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Ge, X., Qi, Y., and Zhang, K., "The Impact of Fuel Properties on Diesel Engine Emissions and a Feasible Solution for Common Calibration," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2367, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2367.Also In
References
- Tsurutani , K. , Takei , Y. , Fujimoto , Y. , Matsudaira , J. et al. The Effects of Fuel Properties and Oxygenates on Diesel Exhaust Emissions SAE Technical Paper 952349 1995 10.4271/952349
- Li , X. , Chippior , W. , and Gülder , Ö. Effects of Cetane Enhancing Additives and Ignition Quality on Diesel Engine Emissions SAE Technical Paper 972968 1997 10.4271/972968
- Kidoguchi , Y. , Yang , C. , and Miwa , K. Effects of Fuel Properties on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1851 10.4271/2000-01-1851
- Takahashi , K , Sakurai , Y. , and Furuse , T. et al. Effects of Cetane Number and Chemical Components on Diesel Emission and Vehicle Performance SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2692 10.4271/2009-01-2692
- Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill Singapore 0-07-100499-8 1988
- Turns , R.S. An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications McGraw-Hill 0072300965 2000
- Haynes , B. S. and Wagner , H. Gg. Soot Formation Prog. Energy Comb. Sci 7 229 273 1981
- Kazakov , A. and Foster , D. Modeling of Soot Formation During DI Diesel Combustion Using a Multi-Step Phenomenological Model SAE Technical Paper 982463 1998 10.4271/982463
- Magnussen , B. F. Modeling of Reaction Processes in Turbulent Flames with Special Emphasis on Soot Formation and Combustion Particulate Carbon Formation During Combustion Siegla and Smith Plenum Publishing Corporation 1981
- Dec , J. A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging SAE Technical Paper 970873 1997 10.4271/970873
- Morgan , R. , Gold , M. , Laguitton , O. , Crua , C. et al. Characterisation of the Soot Formation Processes in a High Pressure Combusting Diesel Fuel Spray SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3086 2003 10.4271/2003-01-3086
- Reitz , R. and Diwakar , R. Structure of High-Pressure Fuel Sprays SAE Technical Paper 870598 1987 10.4271/870598
- Patterson , M.A. Modeling the Effects of Fuel Injection Characteristics on Diesel Combustion an Emissions Ph.D Thesis University of Wisconsin Madison 1997
- Amsden , A. A. , O'Rourke , P. J. and Butler , T. D. Kiva-II: A Computer Program for Chemically Reactive Flows with Sprays L. A. Report 111560-MS 1989
- Byggstöyl , S. , Lilleheie , N. I. and Magnussen B. F. Strategy for Inclusion of Chemical Kinetics into the Eddy Dissipation Concept IX Task Leaders Meeting - Energy Conservation in Combustion IEA 1987
- Miller , J. A. and Bowman , C. T. Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 15 287 338 1989
- Versteeg , H.K. and Malalasekera , M. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method 0131274988 2007
- Yakhot , V. and Orszag , S. A. 1986 Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence, I. Basic Theory J. Sci. Comput. 1 3 51
- Han , Z. , Reitz , R. D. Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines Using RNG k-epsilon models Combustion Science and Technology 106 267 295 1995
- Hiroyasu H. , Kadota T Development and Use of a Spray Combustion Modeling to Predict Diesel Engine Efficiency and Pollutant Emission Bulletin of the ASME 26 214 April 1983
- Nagle , J. and Strickland-Constable , R. F. Oxidation of Carbon between 1000-2000 C Proc. of the Fifth Carbon Conf. 1 Pergamon Press 1962
- Müller , E. and Zillmer , M. Modeling of Nitric Oxide and Soot Formation in Diesel Engine Combustion SAE Technical Paper 982457 1998 10.4271/982457
- Leung , K. M. , Lindstedt , R. P. , Jones , W. P. A Simplified Reaction Mechanism for Soot Formation in Nonpremixed Flames Combustion and Flame 87 1991
- Kazakov , A. and Foster , D. Modeling of Soot Formation During DI Diesel Combustion Using a Multi-Step Phenomenological Model SAE Technical Paper 982463 1998 10.4271/982463
- Liu , Y. , Tao , F. , Foster , D. , and Reitz , R. Application of A Multiple-Step Phenomenological Soot Model to HSDI Diesel Multiple Injection Modeling SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0924 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0924
- Tao , F. , Liu , Y. , RempelEwert , B. , Foster , D. et al. Modeling the Effects of EGR and Injection Pressure on Soot Formation in a High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) Diesel Engine Using a Multi-Step Phenomenological Soot Model SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0121 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0121
- Fusco , A. , Knox-Kelecy , A. L. , and Foster , D. E. Application of a Phenomenological Soot Model for Diesel Engine Combustion The Third International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines Yokohama, Japan 1994 571 576
- Pitsch , H. , Wan , Y. , and Peters , N. Numerical Investigation of Soot Formation and Oxidation Under Diesel Engine Conditions SAE Technical Paper 952357 1995 10.4271/952357
- Pitsch , H. , Barths , H. , and Peters , N. Three-Dimensional Modeling of NOx and Soot Formation in DI-Diesel Engines Using Detailed Chemistry Based on the Interactive Flamelet Approach SAE Technical Paper 962057 1996 10.4271/962057
- Wan , Y. , Pitsch , H. , and Peters , N. Simulation of Autoignition Delay and Location of Fuel Sprays Under Diesel-Engine Relevant Conditions SAE Technical Paper 971590 1997 10.4271/971590