This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Dynamical Nonlinear Particulate Matter Estimation Based on Laser Induced Incandescence Measurements
Technical Paper
2013-24-0180
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Measurements of transient emissions become more important due to the increasing contribution of transient operation to the total tail pipe emissions. While for many quantities measurement devices with response time in the range of few milliseconds exist, the same is not true for particulate matter(PM).
Pulsed Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) is widely used in experimental setups and may offer a viable approach also for production engines, but the specific nature of LII raises doubts on the quantitative precision achievable by the method, especially in transient operation. Indeed, there are two main problems in particular for dynamic measurements. On one side, the emitted laser power must be high enough to excite a sufficiently large number of particles within the observed area, but not as high to destroy them, and varying engine operating conditions imply changes in the number and size distribution of the particles as well. On the other side, during transients, flow conditions will vary, the particle flow may become less homogenous and changes in the gas velocity can make the time synchronization more difficult.
Against this background, a LII measurement system has been setup at the JKU in Linz. The LII measurement system has been setup with a high power laser system. Measurements of the particulate emissions have been recorded for a transient cycle using this setup, and in parallel the AVL Micro Soot Sensor and the AVL Opacimeter. As the paper shows, strong nonlinear relations prevent the use of simple correlation methods to parameterize the LII output to reconstruct the particulate flow, but by using a robustified polynomial approach a law could be determined which handles this task. The reconstructed results not only achieve the same dynamical performance and exactitude of the AVL Micro Soot Sensor, but also retain many dynamical effects which are qualitatively confirmed by opacity measurements.
Authors
Citation
Stanger, T., Viskup, R., del Re, L., Bergmann, A. et al., "Dynamical Nonlinear Particulate Matter Estimation Based on Laser Induced Incandescence Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 2013-24-0180, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-24-0180.Also In
References
- Viskup , R. , Alberer , D. , Oppenauer , K. , and del Re , L. Measurement of Transient PM Emissions in Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2011-24-0197 2011 10.4271/2011-24-0197
- Jurng , J. Experimental approaches of laser-induced incandescence technique for soot measurement Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1999. CLEO/Pacific Rim '99 1999 161 162
- Ryser , R. T.G. , Dreier , T. Soot particle sizing during high-pressure Diesel spray combustion via time-resolved laser-induced incandescence Combustion and Flame 2009 159 1 120 129
- Dankers , S. et al. In-situ measurement of primary particle sizes during carbon black production Chemical Engineering & Technology 2003 26 9 966 969
- Snelling , D. , Smallwood , G. , Sawchuk , R. , Neill , W. et al. In-Situ Real-Time Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1994 2000 10.4271/2000-01-1994
- Snelling , D. , Smallwood , G. , Sawchuk , R. , Neill , W. et al. Particulate Matter Measurements in a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence and the Standard Gravimetric Procedure SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3653 1999 10.4271/1999-01-3653
- Leipertz , A. , Will , S. and Schraml , S. Optical sensor unit for simultaneously detecting particle size and mass concentration of fluid-carried particles detects thermal radiation after exposure to heating by high-energy radiation pulse ESYTEC ENERGIE & SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH (ESYT-Non-standard) ESYTEC ENERGIE&SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH (ESYT-Non-standard) 1159598 A1
- Stadlbauer , S. , Alberer , D. , Hirsch , M. , Formentin , S. et al. Evaluation of Virtual NOx Sensor Models for Off Road Heavy Duty Diesel Engines SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 5 1 128 140 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0358
- Schindler , W. , Haisch , C. , Beck , H. , Niessner , R. et al., "A Photoacoustic Sensor System for Time Resolved Quantification of Diesel Soot Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0968 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0968
- Nelles O. Nonlinear System Identification 2000 Springer-Verlag
- Ngo , T. T. M.B. , and Saad , Y. The Trace Ratio Optimization Problem SIAM Review 2012 54 3 545 569
- Ljung , L. System identification - Theory for the User 2nd 1999 Prentice-Hall