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Ambient Temperature (20°F, 72°F and 95°F) Impact on Fuel and Energy Consumption for Several Conventional Vehicles, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicle
Technical Paper
2013-01-1462
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
This paper determines the impact of ambient temperature on
energy consumption of a variety of vehicles in the laboratory.
Several conventional vehicles, several hybrid electric vehicles, a
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and a battery electric vehicle were
tested for fuel and energy consumption under test cell conditions
of 20°F, 72°F and 95°F with 850 W/m₂ of emulated radiant solar
energy on the UDDS, HWFET and US06 drive cycles.
At 20°F, the energy consumption increase compared to 72°F ranges
from 2% to 100%. The largest increases in energy consumption occur
during a cold start, when the powertrain losses are highest, but
once the powertrains reach their operating temperatures, the energy
consumption increases are decreased. At 95°F, the energy
consumption increase ranges from 2% to 70%, and these increases are
due to the extra energy required to run the air-conditioning system
to maintain 72°F cabin temperatures. These increases in energy
consumption depend on the air-conditioning system type, powertrain
architecture, powertrain capabilities and drive patterns. The more
efficient the powertrain, the larger the impact of climate control
(heating or cooling) on the energy consumption.
A wealth of vehicle test data and analysis is used to explain
the nuances of the behaviors of the different powertrain
architectures at the different temperatures. Additionally, test
procedure details, charge-sustaining challenges, cold-start
penalties, cabin temperature pull-up and pull-down, idle fuel flow
rates, engine operations, impact of degree of hybridization, and
battery system resistances are discussed. The Appendix provides
time history graphs of all the data.
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Citation
Lohse-Busch, H., Duoba, M., Rask, E., Stutenberg, K. et al., "Ambient Temperature (20°F, 72°F and 95°F) Impact on Fuel and Energy Consumption for Several Conventional Vehicles, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1462, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1462.Also In
References
- U.S. EPA Fuel Economy Labeling of Motor Vehicle Revisions to Improve Calculation of Fuel Economy Estimates Final Technical Support Document Office of Transportation and Air Quality December 2006 EPA420-R-06-017
- Code of Federal Regulation, § 86.230-11
- SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles SAE Standard J1711 June 2010
- SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure SAE Standard J1634 Oct. 2012
- U.S. EPA New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels for a New Generation of Vehicles Transportation and Air Quality May 2006