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Ambient Temperature (20°F, 72°F and 95°F) Impact on Fuel and Energy Consumption for Several Conventional Vehicles, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicle
Technical Paper
2013-01-1462
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
This paper determines the impact of ambient temperature on
energy consumption of a variety of vehicles in the laboratory.
Several conventional vehicles, several hybrid electric vehicles, a
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and a battery electric vehicle were
tested for fuel and energy consumption under test cell conditions
of 20°F, 72°F and 95°F with 850 W/m₂ of emulated radiant solar
energy on the UDDS, HWFET and US06 drive cycles.
At 20°F, the energy consumption increase compared to 72°F ranges
from 2% to 100%. The largest increases in energy consumption occur
during a cold start, when the powertrain losses are highest, but
once the powertrains reach their operating temperatures, the energy
consumption increases are decreased. At 95°F, the energy
consumption increase ranges from 2% to 70%, and these increases are
due to the extra energy required to run the air-conditioning system
to maintain 72°F cabin temperatures. These increases in energy
consumption depend on the air-conditioning system type, powertrain
architecture, powertrain capabilities and drive patterns. The more
efficient the powertrain, the larger the impact of climate control
(heating or cooling) on the energy consumption.
A wealth of vehicle test data and analysis is used to explain
the nuances of the behaviors of the different powertrain
architectures at the different temperatures. Additionally, test
procedure details, charge-sustaining challenges, cold-start
penalties, cabin temperature pull-up and pull-down, idle fuel flow
rates, engine operations, impact of degree of hybridization, and
battery system resistances are discussed. The Appendix provides
time history graphs of all the data.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Lohse-Busch, H., Duoba, M., Rask, E., Stutenberg, K. et al., "Ambient Temperature (20°F, 72°F and 95°F) Impact on Fuel and Energy Consumption for Several Conventional Vehicles, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1462, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1462.Also In
References
- U.S. EPA Fuel Economy Labeling of Motor Vehicle Revisions to Improve Calculation of Fuel Economy Estimates Final Technical Support Document Office of Transportation and Air Quality December 2006 EPA420-R-06-017
- Code of Federal Regulation, § 86.230-11
- SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles SAE Standard J1711 June 2010
- SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure SAE Standard J1634 Oct. 2012
- U.S. EPA New Fuel Economy and Environment Labels for a New Generation of Vehicles Transportation and Air Quality May 2006