This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Diesel Cold Start into Congested Real World Traffic: Comparison of Diesel and B100 for Ozone Forming Potential
Technical Paper
2013-01-1145
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
EU environmental law requires 30 ozone precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be measured for urban air quality control. In this study, 28 ozone precursor VOCs were measured at a rate of 0.5 Hz by an in-vehicle FTIR emission measurement system along with other VOCs. The vehicle used was a Euro 3 emission compliant diesel van. The test vehicle was started from a cold ambient temperature soak and driven under real world urban driving conditions. Diesel and B100 (100% Biodiesel) were compared using the same repeat journeys. The VOC emissions and OFP (ozone formation potential) were investigated as a function of engine warm up and ambient temperatures during cold start. The exhaust temperatures were measured along with the exhaust emissions. The temperature and duration of light off of the catalyst for VOC were monitored and showed a cold start period to catalyst light off that was considerably longer than would occur on the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). The results showed that compounds that formed ozone were significantly higher in diesel exhausts and were higher than equivalent compounds in SI vehicles under cold start in real world urban driving. For B100 aldehyde emissions were higher than for diesel and this is a strong ozone forming gas. However, other VOCs that form ozone were lower than diesel. The higher VOCs with diesel compared to SI engines was mainly due to the oxidation catalyst not being active for much of the journey, whereas in SI engines VOC emissions were only significant during the cold start period. The results will also be shown to be dominated by transient events at junctions and by the cold start period
Recommended Content
| Aerospace Standard | Nonvolatile Exhaust Particle Measurement Techniques |
| Technical Paper | Toward the Environmentally-Friendly Small Engine: Fuel, Lubricant, and Emission Measurement Issues |
| Technical Paper | Characterization and Abatement of Diesel Crankcase Emissions |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Hadavi, S., Andrews, G., Li, H., Przybyla, G. et al., "Diesel Cold Start into Congested Real World Traffic: Comparison of Diesel and B100 for Ozone Forming Potential," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1145, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1145.Also In
References
- Duxbury, R.M.C. and Morton, S.G.C., Measurements of Ozone Precursor Substances, Environmental Law. Fifth Edition, 2004: Oxford University Press.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., and Khan, A., “VOC Emissions and OFP Assessment for Two Real World Urban Driving Cycles using a EURO 2 SI Car,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 1(1):624-645, 2009, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-1303.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., and Savvidis, D., “Impact of Ambient Temperatures on VOC Emissions and OFP during Cold Start for SI Car Real World Urban Driving,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1865, 2009, doi: 10.4271/2009-01-1865.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., Savvidis, D., Daham, B. et al., “Characterization of Regulated and Unregulated Cold Start Emissions for Different Real World Urban Driving Cycles Using a SI Passenger Car,” SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1648, 2008, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-1648.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., Savvidis, D., Ropkins, K. et al., “Investigation of Regulated and Non-Regulated Cold Start Emissions using a EURO3 SI Car as a Probe Vehicle under Real World Urban Driving Conditions,” SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2428, 2008, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-2428.
- Lea-Langton, A., Li, H., and Andrews, G., “Investigation of Aldehyde and VOC Emissions during Cold Start and Hot Engine Operations using 100% Biofuels for a DI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1515, 2009, doi: 10.4271/2009-01-1515.
- Verhaeven, E., Pelkmans, L., Govaerts, L., Lamers, R. et al., “Results of demonstration and evaluation projects of biodiesel from rapeseed and used frying oil on light and heavy duty vehicles,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2201, 2005, doi: 10.4271/2005-01-2201.
- Von Gerpen, J., Prutzko R., Clements, D., Shanks, B., Knothe, G.; Building a Successful Biodiesel Business 1st Edition. University of Idaho, Iowa State University, Renewable Products Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture /NCAUR, pp 30.
- Korbitz W.; Biodiesel Production in Europe and North America, an encouraging prospect. Renewable Energy, Volume 16, Number 1, January 1999, pp 1078-1083.
- Sheehan J., Camobreco V., duffield J., Graboski M. and Shapouri H.; Life cycle inventory of biodiesel and petroleum diesel for use in an urban bus. Final report. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Mgmt database US. NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA.
- Babu, A. and Devaradjane, G., “Vegetable Oils And Their Derivatives As Fuels For CI Engines: An Overview,” SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0767, 2003, doi: 10.4271/2003-01-0767.
- Zarling, D., Bickel, K., Waytulonis, R., and Sweeney, J., “Improving Air Quality by Using Biodiesel in Generators,” SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-3032, 2004, doi: 10.4271/2004-01-3032.
- Fraer, R., Dinh, H., Proc, K., McCormick, R. et al., “Operating Experience and Teardown Analysis for Engines Operated on Biodiesel Blends (B20),” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3641, 2005, doi: 10.4271/2005-01-3641.
- Kawano, D., Ishii, H., Goto, Y., Noda, A. et al., “Application of Biodiesel Fuel to Modern Diesel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0233, 2006, doi: 10.4271/2006-01-0233.
- Senatore, A., Cardone, M., Buono, D., Rocco, V. et al., “Performances and Emissions Optimization of a CR Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0235, 2006, doi: 10.4271/2006-01-0235.
- Reksowardojo, I., Hanif, Hidayat, M., Brodjonegoro, T. et al., “The Performance and Exhaust Emission of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Fuel From Crude Palm Oil (Cpo) and Refined Bleached Deodorized Oil From Palm Oil (Rbdpo),” 2004.
- Reksowardojo, I., Hanif, Hidayat, M., Brodjonegoro, T. et al., “The Study of a Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Fuel From Crude Palm Oil (CPO),” 2004.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., and Balsevich-Prieto, J., “Study of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of RME B100 Biodiesel from a Heavy Duty DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0074, 2007, doi: 10.4271/2007-01-0074.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., Savvidis, D., Daham, B. et al., “Comparisons of the Exhaust Emissions for Different Generations of SI Cars under Real World Urban Driving Conditions,” SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0754, 2008, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-0754.
- Andrews, G., Zhu, G., Li, H., Simpson, A. et al., “The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car,” SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2903, 2004, doi: 10.4271/2004-01-2903.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., Daham, B., Bell, M. et al., “Study of the Emissions Generated at Intersections for a SI Car under Real World Urban Driving Conditions,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1080, 2006, doi: 10.4271/2006-01-1080.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., Daham, B., Bell, M. et al., “Impact of Traffic Conditions and Road Geometry on Real World Urban Emissions Using a SI Car,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0308, 2007, doi: 10.4271/2007-01-0308.
- Li, H., Andrews, G., Savvidis, D., Ropkins, K. et al., “Investigation of Regulated and Non-Regulated Cold Start Emissions using a EURO3 SI Car as a Probe Vehicle under Real World Urban Driving Conditions,” SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2428, 2008, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-2428.
- Daham, B., Li, H., Andrews, G., Ropkins, K. et al., “Comparison of Real World Emissions in Urban Driving for Euro 1-4 Vehicles Using a PEMS,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0941, 2009, doi: 10.4271/2009-01-0941.
- Windeatt, J., Brady, G., Usher, P., Li, H. et al., “Real World Cold Start Emissions from a Diesel Vehicle,” SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1075, 2012, doi: 10.4271/2012-01-1075.
- Hadavi, S., Andrews, G., Li, H., Przybyla, G. et al., “Diesel Cold Start into Congested Real World Traffic: Comparison of Diesel, B50, B100 for Ozone Forming Potential,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1145, 2013, doi: 10.4271/2013-01-1145.
- Hadavi, S., Li, H., Przybyla, G., Jarrett, R. et al., “Comparison of Gaseous Emissions for B100 and Diesel Fuels for Real World Urban and Extra Urban Driving,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 5(3):1132-1154, 2012.
- Carter, W.P.L., Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 1994. Vol 44: p. 881-899.
- Carter, W.P.L., Additions and corrections to the saprc-99 maximum incremental reactivity (mir) scale, in Report to the California Air Resources Board Contract No. 97-314. 2000, Air Pollution Research Center and College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California: California. 2000.
- Ropkins, K., Tate, J., Li, H., Andrews, G. et al., “Chassis Dynamometer Evaluation of On-board Exhaust Emission Measurement System Performance in SI Car under Transient Operating Conditions,” SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1826, 2008, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-1826.
- Li, H., Ropkins, K., Andrews, G., Daham, B. et al., “Evaluation of a FTIR Emission Measurement System for Legislated Emissions Using a SI Car,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3368, 2006, doi: 10.4271/2006-01-3368.
- Roess R.P., Prassas E.S. and Mcshane W.R. (2004), Traffic Engineering, Third Edition, published by Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-142471-8
- Li, H., Lea-Langton, A., Biller, P., Andrews, G. et al., “Effect of Multifunctional Fuel Additive Package on Fuel Injector Deposit, Combustion and Emissions using Pure Rape Seed Oil for a DI Diesel,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2(2):54-65, 2010, doi: 10.4271/2009-01-2642.