This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Effectiveness of the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) in Evaluating the Effect of Tire Tread Belt Detachments
Technical Paper
2013-01-0467
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Tire failures, including tread belt detachments, have been associated with loss of control crashes including rollovers. Numerous reasons exist for control loss including forces created by the failed or failing tire, cornering capacity diminishment for the detreaded tire combined with control demands beyond the remaining capacity of the vehicle and inappropriate driver demands including excessive steering. Extensive studies have been completed to define the various causes of control loss and to identify risk-reducing countermeasures. These studies have included reconstructions of crashes and tests of real vehicles in test track environments with tires purposely caused to fail. In order to gain insight into driver factors and their relationship to vehicle design, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) commissioned a 2002 study by the University of Iowa that used its National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) to evaluate lay driver responses to a simulated rear tire tread belt detachment. The study, authored by Ranney, et. al., observed the capability of those subjects to maintain control of the simulated vehicle. It then used those observations to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of a vehicle's linear range understeer gradient was related to the likelihood that a driver would lose control when the simulated tire tread detachment occurred.
The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of the Ranney NADS study with available information from real-world case studies and test-track evaluations of real vehicles that experienced rear tire tread belt detachments. The comparison revealed that the Ranney NADS study produced results that are not consistent with the real vehicle evaluations. The likely causes of the discrepancy in results include a lack of fidelity in simulating the forces, moments and noise of a detaching tire tread that may have caused anomalous and unexpected responses by drivers in the Ranney NADS study. Furthermore, a lack of fidelity in simulating the remaining lateral force capacity of the detreaded rear tire may have compromised the ability of the Ranney NADS study to allow evaluation of its hypothesis regarding a correlation of vehicle understeer gradient to likelihood of control loss with a rear tread belt detachment.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Rucoba, R., Liebbe, R., Duran, A., and Carr, L., "The Effectiveness of the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) in Evaluating the Effect of Tire Tread Belt Detachments," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0467, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0467.Also In
References
- Ranney , T. A , Heydinger , G. Watson , G , Salaani , K , Mazzae , E. N. , and Grygier , P. Investigation of Driver Reactions to Tread Separation Scenarios in the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Report No. DOT HS 809 523 2003
- Dickerson , C. , Arndt , M. , and Arndt , S. Vehicle Handling with Tire Tread Separation SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0120 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0120
- Arndt , M. , Thorne , M. , and Dickerson , C. Properties of Passenger Car Tires with Tread Detachment SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0697 2000 10.4271/2000-01-0697
- Arndt , S. , and Arndt , M. The Influence of a Rear Tire Tread Separation on a Vehicle's Stability and Control SAE Technical Paper 2001-06-0145 2001
- Fay , R. , Robinette , R. , Smith , J. , Flood , T. et al. Drag and Steering Effects from Tire Tread Belt Separation and Loss SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0447 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0447
- Gardner , J. The Role of Tread/Belt Detachment in Accident Causation International Tire Exhibition and Conference 1998, Paper 27A 10.4271/2007-01-0846
- Klein , E. and Black , T. Anatomy of Accidents Following Tire Disablements SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0446 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0446
- Tandy , D. , Tandy , K. , Durisek , N. , Granat , K. et al. An Analysis of Yaw Inducing Drag Forces Imparted During Tire Tread Belt Detachments SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0836 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0836
- Ford Motor Company Firestone Tire Root Cause Update and Explorer Vehicle Dynamics Presentation, NHTSA/Ford Motor Company Meeting March 28 29 2001
- Ford Motor Company Vehicle Dynamics Update NHTSA/Ford Motor Company Meeting June 13 2001
- Ford Motor Company Vehicle Dynamics Update NHTSA/Ford Motor Company, MRA Meeting June 28 2001
- National Highway & Traffic Safety Administration Analysis of a Request for a Defect Investigation Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. http://www.nhtsa.gov/nhtsa/announce/press/Firestone/explorer/Firestone-FINAL-02-04-02.htm February 4 2002
- Guenther , D. A. Dr. FTI/SEA Consulting Engineering Evaluation Of Explorer Directional Control Bridgestone/Firestone NHTSA August 2001
- Baker , J. S. Tire Disablements and Accidents on a High-Speed Road Traffic Institute, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 1968
- Arndt , M. W. , Rosenfield , M. , Arndt , S. M. , and Stevens , D.C. Analysis of Causes of Unintended Rollover During a Tread Separation Event Test Icrash 2006 Anthens, Greece July 4 7 2006
- Arndt , M. , Rosenfield , M. , and Arndt , S. Measurement of Changes to Vehicle Handling Due To Tread-Separation-Induced Axle Tramp SAE Technical Paper, 2006-01-1680 2006 10.4271/2006-01-1680
- Arndt , S. , Arndt , M. , and Rosenfield , M. Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control on Maintaining Yaw Stability When an SUV Has a Rear Tire Tread Separation SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Electron. Electr. Syst. 2 1 120 140 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0436
- Tandy , D. , Neal , J. , Pascarella , R. , and Kalis , E. A Technical Analysis of a Proposed Theory on Tire Tread Belt Separation-Induced Axle Tramp SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0967 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0967
- Gilbert , M. , Mueller , T. , and Nirvelli , J. The Effect of Tread-Separation on Vehicle Controllability HIFI Tire Tech 2010 Conference Houston, Texas August 13 2010
- Rucoba , R. , Carr , L. , Liebbe , R. , Duran , A. An Analysis of Driver Reactions To Tire Failures Simulated With The National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS) Sixth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design Lake Tahoe, CA June 27 30 2011
- Carr , L , Liebbe , R. , Crimeni , J. , and Johnston , M. Motor Vehicle Driver Characteristics - Crash Avoidance Behavior SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0449 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0449
- Tandy , D.F. Tandy Engineering & Associates, Inc. Magnolia, Texas Tire Force and Moment Data: Comparison to NADS Study Model Parameters Used Unpublished raw data 2007
- Heydinger , G. , Garrott , W. , Chrstos , J. , and Guenther , D. A Methodology for Validating Vehicle Dynamics Simulations SAE Technical Paper 900128 1990 10.4271/900128
- Garrott , W. , Grygier , P. , Chrstos , J. , Heydinger , G. et al. Methodology for Validating the National Advanced Driving Simulator's Vehicle Dynamics (NADSdyna) SAE Technical Paper 970562 1997 10.4271/970562
- Salaani , M. and Heydinger , G. Model Validation of the 1997 Jeep Cherokee for the National Advanced Driving Simulator SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0700 2000 10.427/2000-01-0700
- Salaani , M. , Guenther , D. , and Heydinger , G. Vehicle Dynamics Modeling for the National Advanced Driving Simulator of a 1997 Jeep Cherokee SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0121 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0121