This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Part-Load Operation of Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine
Technical Paper
2013-01-0272
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Previous studies of gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition (GDCI) showed good potential for very high efficiency, low NOx, and low PM over the full speed-load range. Low-temperature combustion was achieved using multiple-late injection (MLI), intake boost, and cooled EGR. Advanced injection and valvetrain were key enablers. In the current study, a new piston was developed and matched with the injection system. Single-cylinder engine tests were conducted with the objective to reduce injection pressure, intake boost, and swirl levels. Results showed that ISFC could be further improved while maintaining low levels of NOx, PM, and combustion noise. Efficiency loss analysis indicated a very efficient thermodynamic process with greatly reduced heat losses. Injection parameters could be used to control combustion phasing with good combustion stability.
Engine simulations were performed to develop a practical boost system for GDCI. Sufficient intake boosting is difficult for low-temperature-combustion engines because the exhaust enthalpy to drive a turbocharger is very low. Several boost architectures with various boost devices were studied. A two-stage system with a supercharger, a turbocharger, and two charge coolers was selected and optimized using simulation-based calibration techniques. Results showed that attractive BSFC levels over the operating range with good full-load BMEP could be obtained. Subsequent vehicle simulations showed greatly reduced fuel consumption relative to a GDI baseline on both urban and highway drive cycles. Engine down-sizing, down-speeding, and up-loading with good transmission matching were key factors to achieve the most efficient operation.
A multi-cylinder GDCI engine was designed and built. Preliminary parametric tests were conducted on an engine dynamometer and compared to single-cylinder tests at similar operating conditions. Overall, results for the two engines were comparable for ISFC with combustion noise, NOx, and PM emissions below targets. More work is needed to characterize the engine over the operating map, conduct cold starts and transient tests, and optimize the powertrain calibration for minimum fuel consumption at target emissions levels.
Recommended Content
| Journal Article | Boost System Development for Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition (GDCI) |
| Technical Paper | Experimental Study of Automotive Turbocharger Turbine Performance Maps Extrapolation |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Sellnau, M., Sinnamon, J., Hoyer, K., Kim, J. et al., "Part-Load Operation of Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0272, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0272.Data Sets - Support Documents
| Title | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
| Unnamed Dataset 3 |
Also In
References
- Kalghatgi , G. Auto-Ignition Quality of Practical Fuels and Implications for Fuel Requirements of Future SI and HCCI Engines SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0239 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0239
- Johansson , B. High-Load Partially Premixed Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (DEER) Conference Presentations 2005 Chicago, IL
- Risberg , P. , Kalghatgi , G. , Ångstrom , H. , and Wåhlin , F. Auto-ignition quality of Diesel-like fuels in HCCI engines SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2127 2005 10.4271/2005-01-2127
- Kalghatgi , G. , Risberg , P. , and Ångström , H. Advantages of Fuels with High Resistance to Auto-ignition in Late-injection, Low-temperature, Compression Ignition Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3385 2006 10.4271/2006-01-3385
- Kalghatgi , G. , Risberg , P. , and Ångström , H. Partially Pre-Mixed Auto-Ignition of Gasoline to Attain Low Smoke and Low NOx at High Load in a Compression Ignition Engine and Comparison with a Diesel Fuel SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0006 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0006
- Kalghatgi , G. et al. Low NOx and Low Smoke Operation of a Diesel Engine using Gasoline-Like Fuels ASME 2009 International Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, ICES2009-76034 2009
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Partially Premixed Combustion at High Load using Gasoline and Ethanol, a Comparison with Diesel SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0944 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0944
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Half Load Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, with High Octane Number Fuels. Gasoline and Ethanol Compared with Diesel SIAT 2009 295 2009
- Manente , V. , Johansson , B. , and Tunestal , P. Characterization of Partially Premixed Combustion with Ethanol: EGR Sweeps, Low and Maximum Loads ASME International Combustion Engine Division 2009 Technical Conference, ICES2009-76165 2009
- Manente , V. , Tunestal , P. , Johansson , B. , and Cannella , W. Effects of Ethanol and Different Type of Gasoline Fuels on Partially Premixed Combustion from Low to High Load SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0871 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0871
- Weall , A. and Collings , N. Gasoline Fuelled Partially Premixed Compression Ignition in a Light Duty Multi Cylinder Engine: A Study of Low Load and Low Speed Operation SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 1574 1586 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1791
- Ra , Y. , Yun , J.E. , and Reitz , R. Numerical Simulation of Diesel and Gasoline-fueled Compression Ignition Combustion with High-Pressure Late Direct Injection Int. J. Vehicle Design 50 1,2,3,4 3 34 2009
- Ra , Y. , Yun , J.E. , and Reitz , R. Numerical Parametric Study of Diesel Engine Operation with Gasoline Comb. Sci. and Tech. 181 350 378 2009
- Dempsey , A. and Reitz , R. Computational Optimization of a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Conventional Gasoline SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 338 359 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0356
- Ra , Y. , Loeper , P. , Reitz , R. , Andrie , M. et al. Study of High Speed Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDICI) Engine Operation in the LTC Regime SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 1412 1430 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1182
- Ra , Y. , Loeper , P. , Andrie , M. , Krieger , R. et al. Gasoline DICI Engine Operation in the LTC Regime Using Triple- Pulse Injection SAE Int. J. Engines 5 3 1109 1132 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1131
- Ciatti , S. , and Subramanian , S. An Experimental Investigation of Low Octane Gasoline in Diesel Engines ASME International Combustion Engine Division 2010 Technical Conference, ICEF2010-35056 2010
- Das Adhikary , B. , Ra , Y. , Reitz , R. , and Ciatti , S. Numerical Optimization of a Light-Duty Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled With Low-Octane Gasoline SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1336 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1336
- Yang , H. , Shuai , S. , Wang , Z. , and Wang , J. High Efficiency and Low Pollutants Combustion: Gasoline Multiple Premixed Compression Ignition (MPCI) SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0382 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0382
- Sellnau , M. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. , and Husted , H. Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) - Diesel-like Efficiency with Low CO2 Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 2010 2022 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1386
- Sellnau , M. et al. Development of Full-Time Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) for High Efficiency and Low CO2, NOx and PM Aachen Colloquium 2011 2011
- Sellnau , M. , Sinnamon , J. , Hoyer , K. , and Husted , H. Full-Time Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) for High Efficiency and Low NOx and PM SAE Int. J. Engines 5 2 300 314 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0384
- Chadwell , C. , Alger , T. , Roberts , C. , and Arnold , S. Boosting Simulation of High Efficiency Alternative Combustion Mode Engines SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 375 393 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0358
- MODEL 379020 ROTATING DISK THERMODILUTER Operation Manual TSI Incorporated June 2009
- MODEL 3090 ENGINE EXHAUST PARTICLE SIZE SPECTROMETER Operation Manual TSI Incorporated October 2010
- LABVIEW RT SOFTWARE Release 2009 National Instruments Austin TX
- DRIVVEN, INC., San Antonio, TX
- Sinnamon , J. and Sellnau , M. A New Technique for Residual Gas Estimation and Modeling in Engines SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0093 2008 10.4271/2008-01-0093
- Sellnau , M. , Sinnamon , J. , Oberdier , L. , Dase , C. et al. Development of a Practical Tool for Residual Gas Estimation in IC Engines SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0695 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0695
- MODEL-BASED CALIBRATION TOOLBOX Mathworks Release 2010B August 2010
- GT POWER SOFTWARE Gamma Technologies, Inc. Westmont, IL 2010