This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Influence of Fuel Composition and Combustion Process on Thermodynamic Parameters of SI Engines
Technical Paper
2012-01-1633
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In the field of heavy-duty applications almost all engines apply
the compression ignition principle, spark ignition is used only in
the niche of CNG engines. The main reason for this is the high
efficiency advantage of diesel engines over SI engines. Beside this
drawback SI engines have some favorable properties like lower
weight, simple exhaust gas aftertreatment in case of stoichiometric
operation, high robustness, simple packaging and lower costs. The
main objective of this fundamental research was to evaluate the
limits of a SI engine for heavy-duty applications.
Considering heavy-duty SI engines fuel consumption under full
load conditions has a high impact on CO₂ emissions. Therefore,
downsizing is not a promising approach to improve fuel consumption
and consequently the focus of this work lies on the enhancement of
thermal efficiency in the complete engine map, intensively
considering knocking issues.
Using a single-cylinder research engine, basic mechanisms to
reduce knocking tendency have been evaluated. Subject of this part
of the investigations was the influence of valve timing and cooled
EGR on the knocking behavior of a stoichiometric SI engine.
Generally cooled EGR and early or late inlet valve closing are
reducing knocking tendency, due to benefits during gas exchange
late intake valve closing has a greater potential to improve
efficiency. A combination of both mechanisms is possible, leading
to a reduction of specific fuel consumption of up to 18% in the
investigated operation point, using RON95.
Another promising way to improve the CO₂ balance of the engine
is the usage of ethanol as fuel, as it is possible to produce
ethanol from regenerative sources. In most cases ethanol is blended
with gasoline to reduce the fossil energy demand. This work focuses
on four different blends E0, E25, E85 and E97. As a first step,
investigations of the influence of the different ethanol blends on
emissions, fuel consumption and general thermodynamic behavior have
been accomplished. As a second step, the knocking behavior of the
different blends has been analyzed more deeply. In order to
determine the knock limited compression ratio of the different
blends, the compression ratio was increased stepwise. For pure
RON95 the knock limited compression ratio is in the region of 11,
for E25 it is 13 and with E85 and E97 a compression ratio of 14.5
is realizable. With this compression ratio a break efficiency of
over 41% could be demonstrated.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Ritzinger, J., Koch, T., Lehmann, J., and Boulouchos, K., "Influence of Fuel Composition and Combustion Process on Thermodynamic Parameters of SI Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1633, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1633.Also In
References
- Anderson, J. Leone, T. Shelby, M. Wallington, T. et al. “Octane Numbers of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends: Measurements and Novel Estimation Method from Molar Composition,” SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1274 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1274
- Bargende, M. Ein Gleichungsansatz zur Berechnung der instationären Wandwärmeverluste im Hochdruckteil von Ottomotoren PhD thesis TU Darmstadt 1990
- Blumberg, P. Bromberg, L. Kang, H. Tai, C. “Simulation of High Efficiency Heavy Duty SI Engines Using Direct Injection of Alcohol for Knock Avoidance,” SAE Int. J. Engines 1 1 1186 1195 2009 10.4271/2008-01-2447
- Brusstar, M. Stuhldreher, M. Swain, D. Pidgeon, W. “High Efficiency and Low Emissions from a Port-Injected Engine with Neat Alcohol Fuels,” SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2743 2002 10.4271/2002-01-2743
- Brusstar, M. Gray, C. “High Efficiency with Future Alcohol Fuels in a Stoichiometric Medium Duty Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3993 2007 10.4271/2007-01-3993
- Cairns, A. Stansfield, P. Fraser, N. Blaxill, H. et al. “A Study of Gasoline-Alcohol Blended Fuels in an Advanced Turbocharged DISI Engine,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 41 57 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0138
- Cairns, A. Todd, A. Aleiferis, P. Fraser, N. et al. “A Study of Alcohol Blended Fuels in an Unthrottled Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0618 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0618
- Caton, J. “A Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Use of Alcohol Fuels in a Spark-Ignition Engine,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 2 1 19 2010 10.4271/2009-01-2621
- Caton, P. Hamilton, L. Cowart, J. “An Experimental and Modeling Investigation into the Comparative Knock and Performance Characteristics of E85, Gasohol [E10] and Regular Unleaded Gasoline [87 (R+M)/2],” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0473 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0473
- Cole, J.A. Cox, R.A. Chemical aspects of the autoignition of hydrocarbonair mixtures Combustion and Flame 60 2 109 123 1985
- Cruff, L. Kaiser, M. Krause, S. Harris, R. et al. “EBDI ® - Application of a Fully Flexible High BMEP Downsized Spark Ignited Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0587 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0587
- Curran, H.J. Pitz, W.J. Westbrook, C.K. Callahan, G.V. Dryer, F.L. Oxidation of automotive primary reference fuels at elevated pressures Symposium (International) on Combustion 27 1 379 387 1998 Twenty-Seventh Sysposium (International) on Combustion Volume One
- Edwards, R. Larivé, J-F. Mahieu, V. Rouveirolles, P. Well-to-wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the european context Technical report European Commission 2008
- Gingrich, J. Alger, T. Sullivan, B. “Ethanol Flex-fuel Engine Improvements with Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Hydrogen Enrichment,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 58 65 2009 10.4271/2009-01-0140
- Grill, Michael Chiodi, Marco Berner, Hans-Jürgen Bargende, Michael Berechnung der thermodynamischen stoffwerte von rauchgas und kraftstoffdampf beliebiger kraftstoffe MTZ 5 2007 2007
- Haupt, D. Nord, K. “Aftertreatment Strategy for Reducing Emissions from an Ethanol Fueled CI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1949 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1949
- He, B. Wang, J. Shuai, S. Yan, X. “Homogeneous Charge Combustion and Emissions of Ethanol Ignited by Pilot Diesel on Diesel Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0094 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0094
- Kar, K. Cheng, W. Ishii, K. “Effects of Ethanol Content on Gasohol PFI Engine Wide-Open-Throttle Operation,” SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 895 901 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1907
- Lämmle, Christian Numerical and Experimental Study of Flame Propagation and Knock in a Compressed Natural Gas Engine PhD thesis ETH Zürich 2005
- Livengood, J.C. Wu, P.C. Correlation of autoignition phenomena in internal combustion engines and rapid compression machines Symposium (International) on Combustion 5 1 347 356 1955
- Mohammadi, A. Ishiyama, T. Kakuta, T. Kee, S. “Fuel Injection Strategy for Clean Diesel Engine Using Ethanol Blended Diesel Fuel,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1725 2005 10.4271/2005-01-1725
- Moore, W. Foster, M. Hoyer, K. “Engine Efficiency Improvements Enabled by Ethanol Fuel Blends in a GDi VVA Flex Fuel Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-0900 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0900
- Nakama, K. Kusaka, J. Daisho, Y. “Effect of Ethanol on Knock in Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines,” SAE Int. J. Engines 1 1 1366 1380 2009 10.4271/2008-32-0020
- Nord, K. Haupt, D. Ahlvik, P. Egebäck, K. “Particulate Emissions From an Ethanol Fueled Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Equipped With EGR, Catalyst and DPF,” SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1987 2004 10.4271/2004-01-1987
- Norton, Paul The ethanol heavy-duty truck fleet demonstration project Technical Report DE-AC36-83CH 10093 National Renewable Energy Laboratory June 1997
- Pana, C. Negurescu, N. Popa, M. Cernat, A. et al. “Aspects of the Use of Ethanol in Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-2040 2007 10.4271/2007-01-2040
- Rakopoulos, D.C. Rakopoulos, C.D. Papagiannakis, R.G. Kyritsis, D.C. Combustion heat release analysis of ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends in heavy-duty di diesel engine Fuel 90 5 1855 1867 2011
- Randazzo, Mário Luciano Sodré, José Ricardo Cold start and fuel consumption of a vehicle fuelled with blends of diesel oil-soybean biodiesel-ethanol Fuel 2011
- Szybist, J. Foster, M. Moore, W. Confer, K. et al. “Investigation of Knock Limited Compression Ratio of Ethanol Gasoline Blends,” SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0619 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0619
- Varde, K. Manoharan, N. “Characterization of Exhaust Emissions in a SI Engine using E85 and Cooled EGR,” SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1952 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1952
- Volpato, O. Theunissen, F. Pimenta, V. Vergineli, L. “Control System for Diesel-Ethanol Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2010-36-0161 2010 10.4271/2010-36-0161