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An Experimental Study of the Influence of Variable In-Cylinder Flow, Caused by Active Valve Train, on Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine at Low Lambda Operation
Technical Paper
2011-01-1830
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Spray and mixture formation in a compression ignition engine is
of paramount importance for diesel combustion. In engine transient
operation, when the load increases rapidly, the combustion system
needs to handle low lambda (λ) operation while avoiding high
particle emissions. Single-cylinder tests were performed to
evaluate the effect of differences in cylinder flow on combustion
and emissions at typical low λ transient operation. The tests were
performed on a heavy-duty single-cylinder test engine with Lotus
Active Valve Train (AVT) controlling the inlet airflow. The
required swirl number (SN) and tumble were controlled by applying
different inlet valve profiles and opening either both inlet valves
or only one or the other. The operating point of interest was
extracted from engine transient conditions before the boost
pressure was increased and investigated further at steady state
conditions. The AVT enabled the resulting SN to be controlled at
bottom dead centre (BDC) from ~0.3 to 6.8 and tumble from ~0.5 to
4. The fuel injection pressure was varied from 500 bar up to 2000
bar, with increments of 500 bar, for each SN and tumble setting. No
exhaust gas recirculation was used in following tests. GT-POWER was
used to calculate SN, tumble, and turbulent intensity with the
different valve settings. The input data for the GT-POWER flow
calculations were measured in a steady-state flow rig with
honeycomb torque measurement.
The main conclusion of this study was that the air flow
structure in the cylinder, characterized by SN, tumble, and
turbulent intensity, has a significant effect on the resulting
engine combustion and emissions for the investigated range of fuel
injection pressures. By increasing SN above 3, while maintaining
tumble at low levels, the engine could be run with richer air/fuel
mixtures without further increasing smoke emissions at injection
pressures 1000 bar and above. Also, NOx emissions
decreased at λ below 1.3; ignition delay time decreased at higher
tumble and turbulent levels; and higher levels of swirl resulted in
more rapid combustion, decreasing smoke emissions at injection
pressures over 1000 bar. Smoke emissions increase at higher engine
speeds (above 1200 rpm) and high SN (above 6). The results of this
study demonstrate that the mixing process controlled by in-cylinder
flow (swirl and tumble) has a dominant effect on combustion.
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Citation
Dembinski, H. and Ångström, H., "An Experimental Study of the Influence of Variable In-Cylinder Flow, Caused by Active Valve Train, on Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine at Low Lambda Operation," SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1830, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1830.Also In
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