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Strategies and Solutions to Control and Reduce the NO x , HC and CO Levels in Gasoline/Alternate Fueled Engines
Technical Paper
2010-32-0046
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Pollutants are harmful to human and other living beings on the
earth. Thus emission reduction plays a very important role in the
survival of living beings. Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO),
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the emission constituents
which results in smog, respiratory problems in human beings, acid
rain respectively. Hence, Indian government has taken necessary
steps to reduce these emissions and imposed various level of norms
like BSI, BSII and BSIII on 2/3 wheeler industries in the year
2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively. Presently in India, BSII is in
force and from October 2010 BSIII will be introduced. BSIII 3
wheeler norm, the CO emission level is reduced by 44.4% and
HC+NOx is reduced by 37.5%.
The main objective of this work is to reduce the emissions like
HC, which is due to unburnt fuels, NOx, which is due to
high engine pressures and temperatures and CO, which is a byproduct
of incomplete combustion. A serious attempt has been made to comply
with the stringent BSIII norm without any compromises in engine
performance levels.
The following methodologies are well thought for reducing the
stringent emission levels in Gasoline/Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG)/Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)-based 2-stroke and 4-stroke
3-wheeler engines. Since NOx generation is basically
temperature dependent, the strategies like retarding the ignition
timing, reducing the engine compression ratio, AFR (air-to-fuel
ratio) optimizations are used to reduce the engine temperature and
hence to control NOx emissions. As CO is a byproduct of
incomplete combustion, the strategies like secondary air injection
(SAI), optimization of catalytic converter (catcon) parameters like
volume, structure, cell density, noble metal loading and wash
coats, will burn the unburnt gases and hence reduces the CO.
The unburnt fuel, i.e., HC is controlled by strategies like
improving the combustion efficiency by optimal engine, SAI and
catcon designs. BSIII norms are met with the above strategies by
keeping minimal changes in engine with optimal cost impact.
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Citation
Shanmugam, P., Kathiresan, T., Senthilnathan, N., Anbukarasu, A. et al., "Strategies and Solutions to Control and Reduce the NOx, HC and CO Levels in Gasoline/Alternate Fueled Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2010-32-0046, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-32-0046.Also In
References
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