This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Experimental Investigation of Cavitation in Gasoline Injectors
Technical Paper
2010-01-1500
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Spray characteristics of injectors depend on, among other factors, not only the level of turbulence upstream of the nozzle plate, but also on whether cavitation arises. "Bulk" cavitation, by which we mean cavitation which arises far from walls and thus far from streamline curvature associated with salient points on a wall, has not been investigated thoroughly experimentally and moreover it is quite challenging to predict by means of computational fluid dynamics. Information about the effect of the injector geometry on the formation of bulk cavitation and quantitative measurements of the flow field that promotes this phenomenon in gasoline injectors does not exist and this forms the background to this work. Evolution of bulk cavitation was visualized in two gasoline multi-hole injectors by means of a fast camera. Two-Dimensional Micro Particle Imaging Velocimetry (μPIV) was employed to measure the internal flow field of the injectors, just upstream of the exit holes of the injector plates at non-cavitating conditions and at conditions just after the onset of cavitation (for Type A model at a Reynolds Number of 10700 and a Cavitation Number of 2700, and for Type C model at a Reynolds Number of 9200 and a Cavitation Number of 6400). For the visualization and the measurements 10:1 we used super-scale transparent models of multi-hole gasoline injector plates, for Port Fuel Injection (PFI) application, with exit model-nozzle diameters of 2 mm and a fixed model-needle lift of 0.8 mm. Bulk cavitation was present in the models. PIV measurements of both types of injectors showed the presence of three-dimensional flow in the upstream nozzle plenum which may be related to the generation of a velocity field downstream, near the nozzles, which gives rise to bulk cavitation.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Kolokotronis, D., Hardalupas, Y., Taylor, A., Aleiferis, P. et al., "Experimental Investigation of Cavitation in Gasoline Injectors," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-1500, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1500.Also In
References
- Kim, J.-H. Nishida, K. Yoshizaki, T. Hiroyasu, H. “Characterization of Flows in the Sac Chamber and the Discharge Hole of a D.I. Diesel Injection Nozzle by Using a Transparent Model Nozzle,” SAE Technical Paper 972942 1997
- Badock, C. Wirth, R. Fath, A. Leipertz, A. “Investigation of cavitation in real size diesel injection nozzles” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 20 538 544 1999
- Arcoumanis, C. Flora, H. Gavaises, M. Kampanis, N. et al. “Investigation of Cavitation in a Vertical Multi-Hole Injector,” SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0524 1999
- Arcoumanis, C. Flora, H. Gavaises, M. Badami, M. “Cavitation in Real-Size Multi-Hole Diesel Injector Nozzles,” SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1249 2000
- Gilles-Birth, I. Bernhardt, S. Spicher, U. Rechs, M. “A Study of the In-Nozzle Flow Characteristic of Valve Covered Orifice Nozzles for Gasoline Direct Injection,” SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-3684 2005
- Nouri, J.M. Mitroglou, N. Yan, Y. Arcoumanis, C. “Internal Flow and Cavitation in a Multi-Hole Injector for Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines,” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1405 2007
- Walther, J. Schaller, J. K. Wirth, R. Tropea, C. “Characterization of Cavitating Flow Fields in Transparent Diesel Injection Nozzles Using Fluorescent Particle Image Velocimetry (FPIV)” Proceedings of ILASS 2000 Darmstadt September 2000
- Roth, H. Gavaises, M. Arcoumanis, C. “Cavitation Initiation, Its Development and Link with Flow Turbulence in Diesel Injector Nozzles,” SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0214 2002
- Allen, J. Hargrave, G. Khoo, Y. “In-Nozzle and Spray Diagnostic Techniques for Real Sized Pressure Swirl and Plain Orifice Gasoline Direct Injectors,” SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3151 2003
- Andriotis, A. Gavaises, M. Arcoumanis, C. “Vortex flow and cavitation in diesel injector nozzles” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 610 195 215 2008
- Gavaises, M. Andriotis, A. Papoulias, D. Mitroglou, N. Theodorakakos, A. “Characterization of string cavitation in large-scale Diesel nozzles with tapered holes” Physics of Fluids 21 052107 2009
- Aleiferis, P.G. Hardalupas, Y. Kolokotronis, D. Taylor, A.M.K.P. et al. “Experimental Investigation of the Internal Flow Field of a Model Gasoline Injector Using Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry,” SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3374 SAE Transactions 115 597 606 2006
- Aleiferis, P.G. Hardalupas, Y. Kolokotronis, D. Taylor, A.M.K.P. Kimura, T. “Investigation of the Internal Flow Field of a Diesel Model Injector Using Particle Image Velocimetry and CFD” SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1897 JSAE 20077306 2007
- Nouri, J. M. Whitelaw, J. H. Yianneskis, M. “A Refractive-Index Matching Technique for Solid/Liquid Flows” Third International Symposium on Applications of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisbon 335 346 1986
- Franc, J.P. Michel, J.M. “Fundamentals of Cavitation” Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Netherlands 1-4020-2232-8 2004
- Kolokotronis, D. “Experimental Investigation of the Internal Flow Field of Model Fuel Injectors” Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London 2007
- Raffel, M. Willert, C. Kompenhans, J. “Particle Image Velocimetry - A Practical Guide” Springer - Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany 3-540-63683-8 1998