This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Metrics for Evaluating Electronic Control System Architecture Alternatives
Technical Paper
2010-01-0453
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Current development processes for automotive Electronic Control System (ECS) architectures have certain limitations in evaluating and comparing different architecture design alternatives. The limitations entail the lack of systematic and quantitative exploration and evaluation approaches that enable objective comparison of architectures in the early phases of the design cycle. In addition, architecture design is a multi-stage process, and entails several stakeholders who typically use their own metrics to evaluate different architecture design alternatives. Hence, there is no comprehensive view of which metrics should be used, and how they should be defined. Finally, there are often conflicting forces pulling the architecture design toward short-term objectives such as immediate cost savings versus more flexible, scalable or reliable solutions. In this paper, we propose the usage of a set of metrics for comparing ECS architecture alternatives. We believe the set of metrics constitutes a relevant aspect to address the existing design gaps. We define the set of metrics based on non-functional requirements (reliability, vehicle availability, safety, monetary cost, and timing), the degree to accommodate changes (reusability, flexibility, scalability, and expandability), the customer requirements (integrity, maintainability, energy efficiency, and security), and the compatibility to legacy designs (complexity, organizational alignment, backwards compatibility, and packagability). The key pillars for the metric-based evaluation framework of ECS architecture alternatives are as follows: (a) incremental design knowledge (by a combination of prediction, measurement, and analysis of the architecture alternatives), (b) metric evaluations (ranging from qualitative to quantitative depending on the stage of the design), and (c) comparison of the alternatives (once the metrics have been evaluated). The proposed metric-based evaluation of architecture design alternatives is relative (i.e., the results are usable within the scope of a group of alternatives being considered). The comparison is potentially more qualitative in the early phases of the design cycle as fewer data are available; for a more quantitative evaluation, data sets and design details (which are usually available in the later phases of the design cycle) are essential.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Development and Optimisation of an Adaptive Safety Monitor |
Technical Paper | Energy Management as Configurable System Software Function |
Technical Paper | In-Vehicle Network Architecture for the Next-Generation Vehicles |
Authors
Citation
Ghosal, A., Giusto, P., Sinha, P., Osella, M. et al., "Metrics for Evaluating Electronic Control System Architecture Alternatives," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0453, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0453.Also In
References
- Avizienis A. Laprie J.-C. Randell B. Landwehr C. Basic Concepts and Taxonomy of Dependable and Secure Computing IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 1 1 11 33 2004
- Chatzigeorgiou A. Stephanides G. Energy Metric for Software Systems. Software Quality Control. 10 4 355 371 2002
- Boehm B. Clark B. Horowitz E. Westland C. Madachy R. Selby R. Cost Model for future Software Life Cycle Processes: Cocomo 2.0 Special Volume of Software Processes and Product Measurement Annals of Software Engineering 1995
- Di Natale M. Giusto P. Pinello C. Popp P. Kanajan S. Architecture Exploration for time-critical and cost-sensitive systems. SAE Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Electronic and Electrical Systems 2007 381 392
- Ghosal A. Kanajan S. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A. Urbance R. An Initial Study on Monetary Cost Evaluation for the Design of Automotive Electronic Architectures. SAE Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Electronic and Electrical Systems 2007 362 371
- Ghosal A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A. Kanajan S. A Study on Monetary Cost Analysis for Product Line Architectures. SAE Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Electronic and Electrical Systems 2008
- Giusto P. Kanajan S. Pinello C. Chiodo M. A Conceptual Data Model for the Architecture Exploration of Automotive Distributed Embedded Architectures. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration 2007 582 587
- ISO 26262 Road Vehicles - Functional safety
- Kirchain R. Field F. Process-Based Cost Modeling: Understanding the Economics of Technical Decisions. Encyclopedia of Material Science and Engineering 2001
- Laprie J.C. Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance: Concepts and Terminology. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium of Fault-Tolerant Computing 1985 2 11
- Leen G. Heffernan D. Expanding Automotive Electronic Systems IEEE Computer. 35 1 88 93 Jan 2002
- Liu C. L. Layland J. W. Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment. Journal of the ACM. 20 1 46 61 1973
- Mohalik S. Rajeev A. C. Dixit M. G. Ramesh S. Suman P. V. Pandya P. K. Jiang S. Model checking based analysis of end-to-end latency in embedded, real-time systems with clock drifts Annual ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference 296 299 2008
- Joseph M. Pandya P. Finding response times in a real-time system The Computer Journal. 29 5 390 395 1986
- Pugh Analysis http://thequalityportal.com/q_pugh.htm
- Rivoire S. Shah M. A. Ranganathan P. Kozyrakis C. Meza J. Models and Metrics to Enable Energy-Efficiency Optimizations. IEEE Computer. 40 12 39 48 2007
- Spider Charts http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/starplot.htm
- Wang A. Y. Sodini C. G. On the Energy Efficiency of Wireless Transceivers. IEEE International Conference on Communications 8 3783 3788 2006
- Zeng H. Di Natale M. Giusto P. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A. Stochastic analysis of CAN-based Real-time Automotive Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. Special Section on In-Vehicle Embedded Systems 5 4 2009
- Bass L. Clements P. Kazman R. Software Architecture in Practice. Pearson Education 2003
- Kazman R. Bass L. Abows G. Webb M. SAAM: A method for analyzing the properties of software architecture. Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering 81 90 1994
- Kazman R. Klein M. Barbacci M. Longstaff T. Lipson H. Carriere J. The architecture tradeoff analysis method (ATAM). ICECCS 1998
- Dolan T. J. Architecture assessment of information-system families. Department of Technology Management. Eindhoven University of Technology. SEI 2002
- Bengtsson P. Lassing N. Bosch J. Vliet H. Architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA) Journal of Systems and Software 69 1-2 129 147 2004