This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Reconstruction of Noise Source in a Ducted Fan Using a Generalized Nearfield Acoustical Holography
Technical Paper
2010-01-0416
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The identification of the propulsion noise of turbofan engines plays an important role in the design of low-noise aircraft. The noise generation mechanisms of a typical turbofan engine are very complicated and it is not practical, if not impossible, to identify these noise sources efficiently and accurately using numerical or experimental techniques alone. In addition, a major practical concern for the measurement of acoustic pressure inside the duct of a turbofan is the placement of microphones and their supporting frames which will change the flow conditions under normal operational conditions. The measurement of acoustic pressures on the surface of the duct using surface-mounted microphones eliminates this undesirable effect. In this paper, a generalized acoustical holography (GAH) method that is capable of estimating aeroacoustic sources using surface sound pressure is developed. An indirect boundary element formulation is derived to generate the transfer matrix that relates aeroacoustic sources (monopoles and dipoles) to the measured surface sound pressure field. The surface sound pressure on the duct is measured and utilized to reconstruct the noise source in the ducted fan. The validity of the integrated numerical/experiment method is demonstrated by the good correlation of the measured sound pressure at verification locations with the pressure computed from reconstructed sources.
Recommended Content
Aerospace Standard | Aircraft Propulsion System Performance Station Designation and Nomenclature |
Technical Paper | Testing of an Energy Efficient Environmental Control System for Patrol-Type Aircraft |
Aerospace Standard | GUIDE FOR DETERMINING ENGINE STARTER DRIVE TORQUE REQUIREMENTS |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Zhang, W., Raveendra, S., Lee, M., and Bolton, J., "Reconstruction of Noise Source in a Ducted Fan Using a Generalized Nearfield Acoustical Holography," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0416, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0416.Also In
Optimization, Optical Measurement Nondestructive Testing Techniques, 2010
Number: SP-2295; Published: 2010-04-13
Number: SP-2295; Published: 2010-04-13
References
- Sijtsma, P. Rademaker, E.R. Schulten, B.H.M. “Experimental validation of lifting surface theory for rotor-stator interaction noise generation” AIAA Journal 36 6 June 1998 900 906
- Hubbard, H.H. Aeroacoustics of Fight Vehicles - Theory and Practice, Volume 1: Noise Sources NASA RP 1258 1991
- Berton, J. Tutorial: Aircraft Noise and its Prediction NASA Glenn Research Center
- Envia, E. “Fan noise reduction: an overview” International Journal of Aeroacoustics 1 1 2002 43 64
- Huff, D.L. “Technology development of aircraft noise alleviation - Engine noise reduction research” the Hiller Aviation Museum 2000
- Owens, R.E. “Energy efficient engine performance system - aircraft integration evaluation” NASA/CR 159488 1979
- Goldstein, M.E. Aeroacoustics McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1976
- Williams, E.G. Fourier Acoustics: Sound Radiation and Nearfield Acoustical Holography ACADEMIC PRESS 1999
- Williams, E.G. Dardy, H.D. Washburn, K.B. “Generalized nearfield acoustical holography for cylindrical geometry: Theory and experiment” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81 2 389 407 1987
- Williams, E.G. Houston, B.H. Bucaro, J.A. “Broadband nearfield acoustical holography for vibrating cylinders” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86 674 679 1989
- Williams, E.G. Maynard, J.D. “Holographic imaging without the wavelength resolution limit” Physical Review Letters 45 7 1980 554 557
- Williams, E.G. Maynard, J.D. Skudrzyk, E. “Sound source reconstructions using a microphone array” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68 1 340 344 1980
- Lee, M. Bolton, J.S. Mongeau, L. “Application of cylindrical near-field acoustical holography to the visualization of aeroacoustic sources” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 2 842 858 2003
- Maynard, J.D. Williams, E.G. “Nearfield holography: A new technique for nose radiation measurement” Proceedings of NOISE-CON 81 19 24 1981
- Williams, E.G. Maynard, J.D. “Numerical evaluation of the Rayleigh integral for planar radiators using the FFT” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72 6 2020 2030 1982
- Maynard, J.D. Williams, E.G. “Calibration and application of nearfield holography for intensity measurement” Proceedings of NOISE-CON 82 707 710 1982
- Maynard, J.D. Williams, E.G. Lee Y. “Nearfield acoustic holography: I. Theory of generalized holography and the development of NAH” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 4 1395 1413 1985
- Williams, E.G. Dardy, H.D. Fink, R.G. “Nearfield acoustical holography using an underwater automated scanner” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 2 789 798 1985
- Williams, E.G. Dardy, H.D. Fink, R.G. “A technique for measurement of structure-borne intensity in plates” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 6 2061 2067 1985
- Williams, E.G. “Introduction and survey of recent developments in nearfield acoustical holography” Proceedings of NOISE-CON 88 203 208 1988
- Washburn, K.B. Williams, E.G. “Measurement techniques and results in broad-band, generalized nearfield acoustical holography” Proceedings of NOISE-CON 87 649 654 1987
- Dargush, G.F. Raveendra, S.T. Banerjee, P.K. “Boundary element formulations for structural acoustics including mean flow effects” ASME Winter Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Computational Methods for Fluids/Structure Interaction 178 ASME 39 50 1993
- Gardner, B. K. Bernhard, R. J. “A noise source identification technique using an inverse Helmholtz Integral Equation Method,” Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design 1988 110 84 90
- Bai, M. R. “Application of BEM (boundary element method)-based acoustic holography to radiation analysis of sound sources with arbitrarily shaped geometries” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92 1 533 549 1992
- Veronesi, W. A. Maynard, J. D. “Digital holographic reconstruction of sources with arbitrarily shaped surfaces” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85 2 588 598 1989
- Kim, G. T. Lee, B. H. “3-D Sound Source Reconstruction and Field Reproduction Using the Helmholtz Integral Equation” Journal of Sound and Vibration 136 245 261 1990
- Kim, B. K. Ih, J. G. “On the reconstruction of the vibro-acoustic field over the surface enclosing an interior space using the boundary element method” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100 5 3003 3015 1996
- Raveendra, S. T. Gardner, B. Nejade A. Sureshkumar, S. “An Integrated Experimental/ Numerical Noise Source Identification Technique” Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) 1763 1768 February 2000
- Raveendra, S. T. Sureshkumar S. “Noise Source Identification in an Aircraft Using Nearfield Acoustical Holography” Proceedings of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Conference, AIAA 2000-2097 June 2000
- Zhang, Z. Vlahopoulos, N. Raveendra, S. T. Allen, T. Zhang, K. Y. “A computational acoustic field reconstruction process based on an indirect boundary element formulation” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 5 2167 2178 2000
- Raveendra, S. T. Zhang, Z. Identification of Turbomachinery noise sources using acoustical holography Phase I SBIR Final Report submitted to NASA GRC Comet Technology Corporation 2004
- Banerjee, P. I. Boundary Element Method in Engineering McGraw Hill 1992
- Kirsch, A. An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Inverse Problems Springer-Verlag 1996
- Kook, H. Davies P. Bolton, J. S. Statistical properties of random sparse arrays Journal of Sound and Vibration 255 5 819 848 2002