This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Performance, Emissions and Exhaust-Gas Reforming of an Emulsified Fuel: A Comparative Study with Conventional Diesel Fuel
Technical Paper
2009-01-1809
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The fuel reforming technology has been extensively investigated as a way to produce hydrogen on-board a vehicle that can be utilized in internal combustion engines, fuel cells and aftertreatment technologies. Maximization of H2 production in the reforming process can be achieved when there is optimized water (steam) addition for the different reforming temperatures. A way to increase the already available water quantity on-board a vehicle (i.e. exhaust gas water content) is by using emulsified fuel (e.g. water-diesel blend). This study presents the effect of an emulsified diesel fuel (a blend of water and diesel fuel with an organic surfactant to make the mixture stable) on combustion in conjunction with exhaust gas assisted fuel reforming on a compression ignition engine. No engine modification was required to carry out these tests. The emulsified diesel fuel consisted of about 80% (mass basis) of conventional ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) fuel and fixed water content. Results are compared to those obtained with ULSD fuel based on a) engine performance, b) engine emissions, c) hydrogen production, and d) efficiency of the reforming process. A smoke reduction of about 30–55% throughout all the testing conditions was achieved with the emulsified fuel while the NOx emissions reduction was in the range of 10–50%. As expected, fuel consumption was increased, due to the reduced calorific value of the emulsified fuel, but no negative effect on the brake thermal efficiency was observed. In the fuel reforming process, hydrogen production showed a strong dependence on the steam-to-fuel (S/F) ratio.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Leung, P., Tsolakis, A., Wyszynski, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. et al., "Performance, Emissions and Exhaust-Gas Reforming of an Emulsified Fuel: A Comparative Study with Conventional Diesel Fuel," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1809, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1809.Also In
References
- Abu-Jrai, A. Tsolakis, A. “The effects of H2 and CO on the selectivie catalytic reduction on NOx under real diesel engine exhaust conditions over Pt/Al2O3” Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 12 2073 2080 2007
- Houel, V. Millington, P. Rajaram R. Tsolakis A. “Promoting function of H2 in diesel-SCR over silver catalysts” Appl Catal B 77 1–2 29 34 2007
- Burch, R. Watling, T. Sullivan, J. “Mechanistic consideration for the reduction of NOx over Pt Al2O3 and Al2O3 catalysts under lean-burn conditions” Catal Today 42 1 13 24 1998
- Park, J.W. Huh, K.Y. Park, K.H. “Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of emulsified Diesel in a rapid compression and expansion machine” Proc Inst Mech Eng 214 579 586 2000
- Murayama, T. Morishima, Y. Tsukahara, M. Miyamoto, N. “Experimental reduction of NOx, Smoke and BSFC in a diesel engine using uniquely produced water (0–80%) to fuel emulsion” SAE Paper 780224 1978
- Bertola, A. Li, R. Boulouchos, K. “Influence of water-diesel fuel emulsions and EGR on combustion and exhaust emissions of heavy duty DI-diesel engine equipped with common-rail injection system” SAE Paper 2003-01-3146
- Fu, W.B. Hou, L.Y. Wang, L. Ma, F.H. “A unified model for the micro-explosion of emulsified droplets of oil and water” Fuel process technology 79 107 119 2002
- Kadota, T. Yamasaki H. “Recent advances in the combustion of water fuel emulsion” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 28 5 385 404 2002
- Tsolakis, A. Megaritis, A. “Catalytic exhaust gas fuel reforming for diesel engines-effects of water addition on hydrogen production and fuel conversion efficiency” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 29 13 1409 1419 2004
- Tsolakis, A. Megaritis, A. Yap, D “Application of exhaust gas fuel reforming in diesel and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines fuelled with biofuels” Energy 33 3 426 470 2008
- Lif, A. Holmberg, K. “Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems” Adv. in Colloid and Interface Science 123–126 231 239 2006
- Tsolakis, A. Megaritis, A Exhaust gas assisted reforming of rapeseed methyl ester for reduced exhaust emissions of CI engines Biomass and Bioenergy 27 5 493 505 2004
- Armas, O. Ballesteros, R. Martos, F.J. Agudelo, J.R. “Characterization of light duty diesel engine pollutant emissions using water-emulsified fuel” Fuel 84 7–8 1011 1018 2005
- Schwerdt C. “Modelling NOx-formation in combustion processes” 2006
- Flynn, P.F. Hunter, G.L. Farrell, L. Durrett R.P. Akinyemi O. Zur Loye, A.O. Westbrook, C.K. Pitz, W.J. The inevitability of engine-out NOx emissions from spark-ignited and diesel engines Symposium on Combustion 28 1 1211 1218 2000
- Tanaka, H. Kadota, T. Segawa, D. Nakaya, S. Yamasaki, H. “Effects of ambient pressure on micro-explosion of an emulsion droplet evaporating on a hot surface” JSME Int. Journal. 49 4 1345 1350 2006
- Charles P. F. George W. J. “Oxidation of soot by hydroxyl radicals” J.Phys. Chem. 71 3 593 597 1967
- Peter R. H. “The application of magnesium hydroxide as a fire retardant and smoke-suporessing additive for polymers” InterScience 18 5 269 276 2004
- Houel V. Millington P. Rajaram R. Tsolakis A. “Fuel effects on the Activity of Silver Hydrocarbon-SCR Catalysts” Appl. Catal. B 203 207 2007