This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Design and Operation of a High Pressure, High Temperature Cell for HD Diesel Spray Diagnostics: Guidelines and Results
Technical Paper
2009-01-0649
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This paper first compares strengths and weaknesses of different options for performing optical diagnostics on HD diesel sprays. Then, practical experiences are described with the design and operation of a constant volume test cell over a period of more than five years. In this test rig, pre-combustion of a lean gas mixture is used to generate realistic gas mixture conditions prior to fuel injection. Spray growth, vaporization are studied using Schlieren and Mie scattering experiments. The Schlieren set-up is also used for registration of light emitted by the combustion process; this can also provide information on ignition delay and on soot lift-off length. The paper further describes difficulties encountered with image processing and suggests methods on how to deal with them. Results are presented that illustrate the wide range of capabilities of this test-rig when combined with high speed video registration, in particular its potential for studying issues related to vaporizing fuel spray dynamics.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Baert, R., Frijters, P., Somers, B., Luijten, C. et al., "Design and Operation of a High Pressure, High Temperature Cell for HD Diesel Spray Diagnostics: Guidelines and Results," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-0649, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0649.Also In
Combustion and Flow Diagnostics and Fundamental Advances in Thermal and Fluid Sciences, 2009
Number: SP-2238; Published: 2009-04-20
Number: SP-2238; Published: 2009-04-20
References
- Schmid W. Harr T. Heil B. Maderthaner K. Brennverfahren für die neue Generation von schweren DaimlerChrysler Nutzfahrzeug-Dieselmotoren und die Anforderungen an das Einspritzsystem Wiener Motorensymposium 2007
- Hentschel W. Modern tools for diesel combustion investigation Proc. 26th Symp. (Int.) on Combustion The combustion institute 2503 2515 1996
- Koch T. Gärtner U. König Influence and potential of flexible injection rate shaping for medium and heavy duty diesel engine combustion processes Int. Jl. of Vehicle Design 41 127 142 2006
- Dec J.E. A conceptual model of DI diesel combustion based on laser-sheet imaging SAE Paper 970873
- Espey C. Dec J.E. Diesel engine combustion studies in a newly designed optical-access engine using high-speed visualization and 2-D laser imaging SAE Paper 930971
- Upatnieks A. Mueller Ch.J. Martin G.C. The influence of charge-gas dilution and temperature on DI diesel combustion processes using a short-ignition-delay oxygenated fuel SAE Paper 2005-01-2088
- Münch K.-U. Szuscanyi K. Schüenemann E. Leipertz A. D'Alfonso N. Held W. Optisch zugänglicher Nfz-Forschungsmotor zur Analyse von Gemisch- und Schadstoffbildung VDI-Ber. 1341 137 146 1997
- Gärtner U. Oberacker H. König G. Der Einsatz moderner Verbrennungsfilmtechnik bei der Verbrennungsabstimmung schwerer Nfz-Dieselmotoren. Tagung “Motorische Verbrennung” HdT Essen 221 229 1999
- Verbiezen K. Donkerbroek A.J. Klein-Douwel R.H.J. van Vliet A.P. Frijters P.J.M. Seykens X.L.J. Baert. R.S.G. Meerts W.L. Dam N.J. ter Meulen J.J. Diesel combustion: in-cylinder NO concentrations in relation to injection timing Comb. Flame 151 1-2 333 346 2007
- Rife J. Heywood J.B. Photographic and performance studies of diesel combustion with a rapid compression machine SAE Paper 740948
- Kobayashi H. Kamimoto T. Matsuoka S. A photographic and thermodynamic study of diesel combustion in a rapid compression machine SAE Paper 810259
- Kamimoto T. Kando H. Kobori S. Hatano H. Kobayashi H. Tsuchiya K. Development of a rapid compression-expansion machine to simulate combustion in diesel engines SAE Paper 881640
- Prechtl P. Dorer F. Ofner B. Eisen S. Mayinger F. Modern optical measurement techniques applied in a rapid compression machine for the investigation of internal combustion engine concepts Ercoftac Bulletin, No. 38 1998
- Morgan R.E. Kemaird D. Heikal M.R. Characterisation of a high pressure diesel fuel spray at elevated pressures Thiesel 2000 87 94 2000
- Bermudez V. Garcia J.M. Julia E. Martinez S. Engine with optically accessible cylinder head: a research tool for injection and combustion processes SAE Paper 2003-01-1110
- Negus C.R. Dale B.W. Stenhouse I.A. Mc Niven, A.J. An investigation of the confined combustion properties of residual fuels used in marine and industrial engines CIMAC paper D-78 Warsaw 1987
- Pischinger F. Knoche K.F. Daams H.-J. Hassel E.P. Reuter U. Spray combustion chamber with optical access, ignition zone visualization and first Raman measurements of local air-fuel ratio SAE Paper 861121
- Schünemann E. Fettes C. Rabenstein F. Schraml S. Leipertz A. Analyse der diesel-motorischen Gemischbildung und Verbrennung mittels mehrdimensionaler Lasermesstechniken Motorische Verbrennung 205 220 HdT March 16-17 1999
- Weber J. Spiekermann P. Peters N. Model calibration for spray penetration and mixture formation in a high pressure fuel spray using a micro-genetic algorithm and optical data SAE Paper 2005-01-2099
- Ochoterena R. Larsson M. Andersson S. Denbratt I. Optical studies of spray development and combustion characterization of oxygenated and Fischer-Tropsch fuels SAE Paper 2008-01-1393
- Fujimoto H. Sato G.T. Investigation on combustion in a diesel engine using a constant volume combustion chamber. I. Characteristics of flames Bull. J.S.M.E. 7 4 309 322 1979
- Labs J.ER. Filley J. Jepsen E. Parker T.E. A constant volume diesel spray combustion facility and the corresponding experimental diagnostics Rev.Sc.Instruments 76 2005
- Baert R.S.G. Autoignition of a diesel spray at high pressures and temperatures SAE Paper 890417
- Hiroyasu H. Kadota T. Arai M. Supplementary comments: fuel spray characterization in diesel engines ‘Combustion modeling in reciprocating engines’ 369 402 Mattavi J.N. Amman C.A. Plenum New York 1980
- Bougie B. Tulej M. Dreier T. Dam N.J. ter Meulen J.J. Gerber T. Optical diagnostics of diesel spray injections and combustion in a high-pressure high-temperature cell Appl.Phys.B 80 1039 1045 2005
- Bolouchos K. Margari O. Escher E. Baroso G. Schneider B. Kunte S. Optical diagnostics on diesel sprays for the validation of computer aided simulation 6th Int. Symp. Verbrennungsdiagnostik 235 249 June 15-16 Baden-Baden 2004
- Sjöberg M. Ǻngström H.-E. Bergman M. Karlsson H. Spray-study equipment: hot gas supply and unit injector actuator for bomb studies SAE Paper 1999-01-0198
- Oren D.C. Wahiduzzaman S. Ferguson C.R. A diesel combustion bomb: proof of concept SAE Paper 841358
- Siebers D.L. Ignition delay characteristics of alternative diesel fuels: implications on cetane number SAE Paper 852102
- Naber J.D. Siebers D.L. Effects of gas density and vaporization on penetration and dispersion of diesel sprays SAE Paper 960034
- Siebers D.L. Liquid-phase fuel penetration in diesel sprays SAE Paper 980809
- Verhoeven D. Venhemelrijck J.-L Baritaud Th. Macroscopic and ignition characteristics of high pressure sprays of single-component fuels SAE Paper 981069
- Atzler F. Woolley R. Lawes M. Bilderfassung der Hochdruckeinspritzung in turbulente Atmosphäre MTZ 61 610 616 2000
- Bysveen M. Almǻs T. Ignition and combustion process of a steam injected diesel engine (STID) studied in a constant volume rig SAE Paper 2003-01-3249
- Fujimoto H.G. Higashi K. Yamahita T. Senda J. Effects of ambient temperature and oxygen concentration on soot behavior in diesel flame SAE Paper 2005-24-007
- Azetsu A. Ito H. Effects of CO2 and N2 mixing into ambient air on flame temperature and soot formation in intermittent spray combustion SAE Paper 2007-01-1844
- Seykens X.L.J. Somers L.M.T. Baert R.S.G. Detailed Modeling of Common Rail Fuel Injection Process MECCA Journal III 2+3 30 39 2005
- Burcat A. Ruscic B. Ideal gas thermochemical database with updates from active thermochemical tables http://garfield.chem.elte.hu/Burcat/burcat.html 2007
- Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR 801) Evaluated Standard Thermophysical Property Values AIChE 2007
- Wang H. Laskin A. A comprehensive kinetic model of ethylene and acetylene oxidation at high temperatures, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University http://ignis.usc.edu/Mechanisms/C2-C4/c2.pdf
- Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_limit
- Qin X. Kobayashi H. Laminar burning velocity of hydrogen/air premixed flames at elevated pressure Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 21 58 63 2000
- Klein-Douwel R.J.H. Frijters P.J.M. Somers L.M.T. de Boer W.A. Baert R.S.G. Macroscopic diesel fuel spray shadowgraphy using high speed digital imaging in a high pressure cell Fuel 86 12-13 1994 2007 2007
- Nishida K. Zhang W. Manabe T. Effects of micro-hole and ultra-high injection pressure on mixture properties of D.I. spray SAE Paper 2007-01-1890
- Bruneaux G. Augé M. Lemenand Chr. A study of combustion structure in high pressure single hole common rail direct injection using laser induced fluorescence of radicals COMODIA 2004
- Kang J. Bae C. Lee K.O. Initial development of non-evaporating diesel sprays in common-rail injection systems Int. Jl. Engine Research 4 238 298 2003
- Powell Chr. El-Hannouny E. Kastengren A. Longman D. Wang J. Fuel spray research using X-ray radiography 2008 OVT Merit review presentation Feb. 2008
- Payri F. Bermudez V. Payri R. Salvador F.J. The influence of cavitation on the internal flow and the spray characteristics in diesel injection nozzles Fuel 83 419 431 2004
- Pickett L.M. Siebers D.L. Ichideria Ch.A. Relationship Between Ignition Processes and the Lift-Off Length of Diesel Fuel Jets SAE Paper 2005-01-3843