This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Spray and Combustion Visualization in an Optical HSDI Diesel Engine Operated in Low-Temperature Combustion Mode with Bio-diesel and Diesel Fuels
Technical Paper
2008-01-1390
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
An optically accessible single-cylinder high-speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study the spray and combustion processes for European low sulfur diesel, bio-diesel, and their blends at different blending ratio. Influences of injection timing and fuel type on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics were investigated under similar loads. The in-cylinder pressure was measured and the heat release rate was calculated. High-speed Mie-scattering technique was employed to visualize the liquid distribution and evolution. High-speed combustion video was also captured for all the studied cases using the same frame rate. NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The experimental results indicated that for all of the conditions the heat release rate was dominated by a premixed combustion pattern and the heat release rate peak became smaller with injection timing retardation for all test fuels. Bio-diesel fuels greatly affected the combustion process and emissions. The ignition and heat release rate peak occurred later with increasing bio-diesel content. Fuel impingement on the wall was observed for all of the conditions. The liquid penetration became longer and the fuel impingement was stronger with the increase of bio-diesel content in the fuel blends. For all the injection timings, lower soot luminosity was seen for bio-diesel blends than pure diesel fuel showing lower soot generation for bio-diesel fuels. However, the influence of bio-diesel blending ratio on the soot generation depended on specific injection strategy. The NOx emissions showed different trends. With conventional injection timing and late injection timing, the NOx emissions consistently increased with the increase of bio-diesel content. But for an early injection strategy, there was a trade-off between ignition delay and oxygen content in affecting the NOx emissions. For this early pre-TDC injection strategy, due to a higher in-cylinder temperature and a longer existence time of this high temperature, the NOx emission was much higher than the other two injection timings. Retarded post-TDC injection timing resulted in simultaneous reduction in soot and NOx emissions. By combining the injection timing optimization with bio-diesel fuel blending ratio, simultaneously reduction of soot and NOx can be realized in practical engines.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Fang, T., Lin, Y., Foong, T., and Lee, C., "Spray and Combustion Visualization in an Optical HSDI Diesel Engine Operated in Low-Temperature Combustion Mode with Bio-diesel and Diesel Fuels," SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1390, 2008, https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1390.Also In
References
- Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements; Final Rule” Federal Register 65 28 6697 6870 2000
- Onishi, S. Hong Jo S. Shoda K. Do Jo P. Kato S. Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC) ----- A new combustion process for internal combustion engines SAE paper 790501
- Noguchi, M. Tanaka Y. Tanaka T. Takeuchi Y. A study on gasoline engine combustion by observation of intermediate reactive products during combustion SAE paper 790840
- Najt, P.M. Foster D. E. Compression Ignition Homogeneous Charge Combustion SAE paper 830264
- Thring, R.H. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine SAE paper 892068
- Dec, J.E. “A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging” SAE Paper 970873 1997
- Flynn P.F. Durrett R.P. Hunter G.L. zur Loye A.O. Akinyemi O.C. Dec J.E. Westbrook C.K. “Diesel Combustion: An Integrated View Combining Laser Diagnostics, Chemical Kinetics, And Empirical Validation” SAE Paper 1999-01-0509 1999
- Takeda, Y. Keiichi Na. Keiichi Ni. Emission characteristics of premixed lean diesel combustion with extremely early staged fuel injection SAE paper 961163
- Iwabuchi, Y. Kawai K. Shoji T. Takeda Y. Trial of new concept diesel combustion system--- Premixed Compression Ignition Combustion SAE paper 1999-01-0185
- Kimura, S. Aoki O. Ogawa H. Muranaka S. Enomoto Y. New combustion concept for Ultra-clean and high efficiency small DI diesel engines SAE paper 1999-01-3681
- Kimura, S. Ogawa H. Matsui Y. Enomoto Y. An Experimental analysis of low-temperature and premixed combustion for simultaneous reduction of NOx and particulate emissions in direct injection diesel engines International Journal of Engine Research 3 4 249 259 2002
- Lee, T. Reitz R.D. The effect of intake boost pressure on MK (Modulated Kinetics) combustion JSME International Journal 46 3 451 459 2003
- Choi, D. Miles P.C. Yun H. Reitz R.D. A parametric study of low temperature late injection combustion in an HSDI diesel engine COMDIA 2004 Japan
- Sharp, C.A. Howell S.A. Jobe J. The effect of biodiesel fuels on transient emissions from modern diesel engines, part I regulated emissions and performance SAE Paper No. 2000-01-1967 2000
- Scholl, K.W. Sorenson S.C. Combustion of soybean oil methyl ester in a direct injection diesel engine SAE Paper 930934 1993
- Schumacher, L.G. Borgelt S.C. Fosseen D. Goetz W. Hires W.G. Heavy-duty engine exhaust emission tests using methyl ester soybean oil/diesel fuel blends Biorescource Technology 57 31 36 1996
- Chang, D. Von Gerpen J.H. Lee I. Johnson L.A. Hammond E.G. Marley S.J. Fuel properties and emissions of soybean oil esters as diesel fuel Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society 73 11 1549 1555 1996
- Serdari, A. Fragioudakis K. Teas C. Zannikos F. Stournas S. Lois E. “Effect of bio-diesel addition to diesel fuel on engine performance and emissions” Journal of Propulsion and power 15 2 224 231 March-April 1999
- Yoshimoto, Y. Onodera M. Tamaki H. Reduction of NOx, smoke, and BSFC in a diesel engine fueled by bio-diesel emulsion with used frying oil SAE Paper 1999-01-3598 1999
- Wang, W.G. Lyons D.W. Clark N.N. Gautam M. Emissions from nine heavy-duty trucks fuelled by diesel and biodiesel blend without engine modification Environmental Science & Technology 34 6 933 939 2000
- Mccormick, R.L. Graboski M.S. Alleman T. L. Herring A.M. Impact of biodiesel source materials and chemical structure on emissions of criteria pollutants from a heavy-duty engine Environmental Science & Technology 35 9 1742 1747 2001
- Monyem, A. Van Gerpen J.H. The effect of bio-diesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions Biomass and Bioenergy 20 317 325 2001
- Monyem, A. Von Gerpen J.H. Canakci M. The effect of timing and oxidation on emissions from bio-diesel-fuelled engines Transactions of the ASAE 44 1 35 42 2001
- Agarwal, A.K. Das L.M. Bio-diesel development and characterization for use as a fuel in compression ignition engines Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for gas turbine and power 123 440 447 April 2001
- Schumacher, L.G. Clark N.N. Lyons D.W. Marshall W. Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions Evaluation of Biodiesel Blends Using a Cummins L10E engine Transactions of ASAE 44 6 1461 1464 2001
- Schumacher, L.G. Clark N.N. Lyons D.W. Marshall W. Bio-diesel emissions data from series 60 DDC engines Transactions of ASAE 44 6 1465 1468 2001
- Lue, Y. Yeh Y. Wu C. The emission characteristics of a small DI diesel engine using bio-diesel blended fuels Journal of environment science and health A36 5 845 859 2001
- Canakci, M. Van Gerpen J.H. Comparison of engine performance and emissions for petroleum diesel fuel, Yellow Grease Biodiesel, and Soybean oil biodiesel Transactions of ASAE 46 4 937 944 2003
- Szybist, J.P. Kirby S.R. Boehman A.L. NOx emissions of alternative diesel fuels: A comparative analysis of bio-diesel and FT diesel Energy and Fuels 19 1484 1492 2005
- Lee, C.S. Park S.W. Kwon S.I. An experimental study on the atomization and combustion characteristics of bio-diesel-blended fuels Energy and Fuels 19 2201 2208 2005
- Leung, D.Y.C. Luo Y. Chan T.L. Optimization of Exhaust Emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with bio-diesel Energy & Fuels 20 1015 1023 2006
- Knothe, G. Sharp C.A. Ryan T. W. III Exhaust emissions of biodiesel, petrodiesel, neat methyl esters, and alkanes in a new technology engine Energy & Fuels 20 403 408 2006
- Nabi, M.N. Akhter M.S. Shahadat M.M.Z. Improvement of engine emissions with conventional diesel fuel and diesel-bio-diesel blends Bioresource Technology 97 372 378 2006
- Agarwal, D. Sinha S. Agarwal A.K. Experimental investigation of control of NOx emissions in bio-diesel-fuelled compression ignition engine Renewable Energy 2006
- Choi, C.Y. Bower G.R. Reitz R.D. Mechanisms of emissions reduction using biodiesel fuels Final Report for the National Biodiesel Board 1997
- Tat, M.E. Investigation of oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fueled engines Iowa State University, Mechanical Engineering Department 2004
- Senda, J. Okui N. Suzuki T. Fujimoto H. Flame structure and combustion characteristics in diesel combustion fueled with bio-diesel SAE International-Compression Ignition Engine Performance for Use With Alternate Fuels, SP-1825 29 40 2004
- Yuan, W. Hansen A.C. Tat M.E. Van Gerpen J.H. Tan Z. Spray, Ignition, and Combustion modeling of biodiesel fuels for investigating NOx emissions Transactions of the ASAE 48 3 933 939 2005
- Akihama, K. et al. Mechanism of the smokeless rich diesel combustion by reducing temperature SAE paper 2001-01-0655
- Pickett, L.M. Low flame temperature limits for mixing-controlled diesel combustion Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30 2727 2735 2005
- Dec, J.E. Espey C. Soot and fuel distributions in a DI diesel engine via 2-D imaging SAE Paper 922307 1992
- Espey, C. Dec J.E. The effect of TDC temperature and Density on the liquid-phase fuel penetration in a DI diesel engine SAE Paper 952456 1995
- Siebers, D.L. Liquid-phase fuel penetration in Diesel Sprays SAE Paper 980809 1998
- Higgins, B.S. Mueller C.J. Siebers D.L. Measurement of fuel effects on liquid-phase penetration in DI sprays SAE Paper 1999-01-0519 1999
- Shao, J. Yan Y. Greeves G. Smith S. Quantitative characterization of diesel sprays using digital imaging techniques Measurement Science and Technology 14 1110 1116 2003
- Delacourt, E. Desmet B. Besson B. Characterization of very high pressure diesel sprays using digital imaging techniques Fuel 84 859 867 2005
- Siegel, R. Howell, J.R. Thermal radiation heat transfer 3rd 581 Taylor & Francis Inc. Washington, DC 1992
- Espey, C. Dec J.E. Diesel engine combustion studies in a newly designed optical-access engine using high-speed visualization and 2-D laser imaging SAE Paper 930971 1993
- Dec, J.E. Espey C. Ignition and Early Soot Formation in a DI Diesel Engine Using Multiple 2-D Imaging Diagnostics SAE Paper 950456 1995
- Dec, J.E. Espey C. Chemiluminescence Imaging of Autoignition in a DI Diesel Engine SAE Paper 982685 1998
- Miles, P.C. The Influence of Swirl on HSDI Diesel Combustion at Moderate Speed and Load SAE Paper 2000-01-1829 2000
- Maunoury, B. Duverger T. Mokaddem K. Lacas F. Phenomenological Analysis of Injection, Auto-Ignition and Combustion in a Small DI Diesel Engine SAE Paper 2002-01-1161 2002
- Pajot, O. Maunoury B. Duverger T. Mokaddem K. Lacas F. Optical Investigation of Auto-Ignition Process in a Small DI Diesel Engine SAE Paper 2002-01-1162 2002
- Mathews, W.S. Coverdill R. E. Lee C. F. White R. A. Liquid and Vapor Fuel Distributions in a Small-Bore High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 111 4 1059 1071 2002 SAE paper 2002-01-2666
- Fang, T. Coverdill R. E. Lee C. F. White R. A. Low Temperature Combustion within a Small Bore High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) Diesel Engine SAE Paper 2005-01-0919
- Fang, T. Coverdill R.E. Lee C.F. White R.A. Combustion and soot visualization of low temperature combustion within an HSDI diesel engine using multiple injection strategy SAE paper 2006-01-0078 , ( SP-2012 ) 2006
- Fang, T. Coverdill R.E. Lee C.F. White R.A. Smokeless Combustion Within a Small-bore HSDI Diesel Engine Using a Narrow Angle Injector SAE paper 2007-01-0203 , ( SP-2100 ) 2007 SAE Transaction: Journal of Engines