This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Methodology to Estimate the Mass of Particulate Matter Retained in a Catalyzed Particulate Filter as Applied to Active Regeneration and On-Board Diagnostics to Detect Filter Failures
Technical Paper
2008-01-0764
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A methodology to estimate the mass of particulate retained in a catalyzed particulate filter as a function of measured total pressure drop, volumetric flow rate, exhaust temperature, exhaust gas viscosity and cake and wall permeability applicable to real-time computation is discussed. This methodology is discussed from the view point of using it to indicate when to initiate active regeneration and as an On-Board Diagnostic tool to detect filter failures.
Steady-state loading characterization experiments were conducted on a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CPF) in a Johnson Matthey CCRT® (catalyzed continuously regenerating trap) system. The experiments were performed using a 10.8 L 2002 Cummins ISM heavy-duty diesel engine. Experiments were conducted at 20, 60 and 75% of full engine load (1120 Nm) and rated speed (2100 rpm) to measure the pressure drop, transient filtration efficiency, particulate mass balance, and gaseous emissions. During the research the CPF cracked with a characteristic ring-off failure. Data and analysis on the cracked filter were compared to the data on the same un-cracked filter.
Recent literature using experimental data and the MTU 1-D 2-Layer CPF model has shown that the mass of particulate matter (PM) in the wall can oxidize under temperatures above 350 C and significantly affect the wall and in turn the total pressure drop. This affect would result in a poor correlation between pressure-drop across the CPF and the mass of PM in the CPF.
An algebraic equation relating PM mass to total pressure drop was formulated from previous theory along with an approach of using an average exhaust temperature into the CPF to estimate the mass in the wall and in turn the permeability and pressure drop of the wall. The results for the estimated CPF mass retained for the un-cracked filter obtained from this methodology developed were within ± 2% from those obtained using the MTU 1-D 2-Layer CPF Model.
This method also proved to be a useful tool to detect filter failure. The pressure drop for the cracked filter was lower by 1 to 8 kPa than that for the un-cracked filter during loading characterization experiments. The pressure drop for the cracked filter peaked during the initial 5-10 minutes of the experiment (due to temperature) and then became nearly constant. The peak in the un-cracked filter was at about 30 minutes of the experiment due to temperature and particulate mass loading. The particulate filtration efficiency was between 50 and 90% for a cracked filter compared to 99% for the un-cracked filter.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Dabhoiwala, R., Johnson, J., Naber, J., and Bagley, S., "A Methodology to Estimate the Mass of Particulate Matter Retained in a Catalyzed Particulate Filter as Applied to Active Regeneration and On-Board Diagnostics to Detect Filter Failures," SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0764, 2008, https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0764.Also In
References
- Dabhoiwala R. H. Johnson J. H. Naber J. D. Bagley S.T. “Experimental and Modeling Results Comparing Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst - Catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems” SAE 2008-01-0484 2008
- Dabhoiwala Rayomand “An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst - Catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of a Cracked Filter on its Performance” Master's Thesis Michigan Technological University 2007
- Mohammed H. Lakkireddy V.R. Johnson J.H. Bagley S.T. “An Experimental and Modeling Study of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Using a 1-D 2-Layer Model” SAE 2006-01-0466 2006
- Premchand K. C. Johnson J. H. Yang Song-Lin Michigan Technological University Triana A. P. Baumgard K. J. John Deere Power Systems “A Study of the Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter” SAE 2007-01-1123 2007
- Mohammed H. Triana A.P. Yang S.L. Johnson J.H. “An Advanced 1D 2-Layer Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Model to Simulate: Filtration by the Wall and Particulate Cake, Oxidation in the Wall and Particulate Cake by NO 2 and O 2 , and Regeneration by Heat Addition” SAE 2006-01-0467 2006
- Wang Xinlei Gui Xinqun Ren Shouxian Zhang Guoqing “Soot Burn-Off Control Strategy for a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter” 2005
- Ootake Makoto “Regeneration of diesel Particulate Filter for Diesel Engine” 2005
- Pfister Wolfgang Blaschke Walter Burner Erwin Wacker Heinrich Steiner Peter “Method and Device for Determining the Load Condition of Particulate Filters” 1996
- van Nieuwstadt Michiel “Control Method and System for Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration” 2006
- Trudell Dominic van Nieuwstadt Michiel “Computer Algorithm to Estimate Particulate Filter Regeneration Rates” 2006
- van Nieuwstadt Michiel “Pressure Sensor Diagnosis via a Computer” 2005
- Gulati S.T. Lambert D.W. Hoffman M.B. Tuteja A.D. “Thermal Durability of a Ceramic Wall-Flow Diesel Filter for Light Duty Vehicles” SAE 920143 1992
- Wasserman G.S. Reliability Verification, Testing and Analysis in Engineering Design Marcel Dekker New York 2003
- Lakkireddy Venkata R. “The Effect of an Advanced Oxidation Catalytic Converter and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter on the Emissions from a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine” Master's Thesis Michigan Technological University 2004
- Konstandopoulos A. G. Kostoglou M Skaperdas E Papaioannou E. Zarvalis D. Kladopoulou E. “Fundamental Studies of Diesel Particulate Filters: Transient Loading, Regeneration and Aging” SAE 2000-01-1016 2000
- Singh N. Johnson J. H. Parker G. G. Yang S. L. “Vehicle Engine Aftertreatment System Simulation (VEASS) Model: Application to a Controls Design Strategy for Active Regeneration of a Catalyzed Particulate Filter” SAE 2005-01-0970 2005
- Konstandopoulos A. G. “Flow Resistance Descriptors for Diesel Particulate Filters: Definitions, Measurements and Testing” SAE 2003-01-0846 2003
- Triana Antonio Padilla “Development of Models to Study the Emissions, Flow and Kinetic Characteristics from Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and Particulate Filters” PhD Dissertation Michigan Technological University 2005