This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Comparison of PMHS, WorldSID, and THOR-NT Responses in Simulated Far Side Impact
Technical Paper
2007-22-0014
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Injury to the far side occupant has been demonstrated as a significant portion of the total trauma in side impacts. The objective of the study was to determine the response of PMHS in far side impact configurations, with and without generic countermeasures, and compare responses to the WorldSID and THOR dummies. A far side impact buck was designed for a sled test system that included a center console and three-point belt system. The buck allowed for additional options of generic countermeasures including shoulder or thorax plates or an inboard shoulder belt. The entire buck could be mounted on the sled in either a 90-degree (3-o'clock PDOF) or a 60-degree (2-o'clock PDOF) orientation. A total of 18 tests on six PMHS were done to characterize the far side impact environment at both low (11 km/h) and high (30 km/h) velocities. WorldSID and THOR-NT tests were completed in the same configurations to conduct matched-pair comparisons. For high-speed tests, center console pelvic forces ranged from 3 to 5 kN; thorax or shoulder plate forces (when present) ranged from 3 to 4 kN. Shoulder belt forces were highly dependent on the presence of a thorax or shoulder restraint; without alternate restraint, both inboard and outboard shoulder belt forces were approximately 3 kN. Both dummies had positive and negative biofidelity outcomes. For example, the THOR shoulder against a side restraint produced much higher forces than the PMHS or WorldSID; the WorldSID produced greater pelvic loads in the presence of a shoulder plate than the PMHS or THOR. Both dummies provided good measures of head excursion compared to PMHS across most configurations. Both dummies had difficulty measuring appropriate chest deformations due to belt loading because of measurement device locations. Considerations for countermeasure design should account for the potential for increased injuries to other body regions. For example, in the PMHS tests, a high inboard shoulder belt configuration produced carotid artery trauma. The far side impact environment is unique and there are currently no dummies that are designed specifically to assist countermeasure design. The current test series demonstrated that with some modifications, both the WorldSID and THOR have the potential to function as good human surrogates in far side impact configurations.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Frank A. Pintar - Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Narayan Yoganandan - Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Brian D. Stemper - Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Ola Bostrom
- Stephen W. Rouhana
- Kennerly H. Digges
- Brian N. Fildes
Citation
Pintar, F., Yoganandan, N., Stemper, B., Bostrom, O. et al., "Comparison of PMHS, WorldSID, and THOR-NT Responses in Simulated Far Side Impact," SAE Technical Paper 2007-22-0014, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-22-0014.Also In
References
- Augenstein J Perdeck E Martin P Bowen J Stratton T Horton T Singer M Digges K Steps J. 2000 Injuries to restrained occupants in far-side crashes. 44th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 57 66
- Banglmaier RF Rouhana SW Beillas P Yang KH. 2003 Lower extremity injuries in lateral impact: A retrospective study. 47th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 425 444
- Bostrom O Haland Y. 2003 Benefits of a 3+2 point belt system and an inboard torso side support in frontal, far-side, and rollover crashes. 18th ESV conference proceedings Nagoya, Japan
- Digges KH Gabler HC Mohan P Alonso B. 2005 Characteristics of the injury environment in far-side crashes. 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 185 197
- Digges KH Gabler HC. 2006 Opportunities for reducing casualties in far-side crashes. SAE World Congress Meeting (2006-01-0450), Warrendale, PA, SP- 1997
- Fildes BN Sparke LJ Bostrom O Pintar FA Yoganandan N Morris AP. 2002 Suitability of current side-impact test dummies in far-side impacts. Proceedings IRCOBI, 19th International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Lyon France 43 56
- Frampton RJ Brown R Thomas P Fay P. 1998 The Importance of non struck side occupants in side collisions. 42nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 303 320
- Franklyn M Fitzharris M Yang K Frampton R Morris A Fildes B. 2002 Aortic injuries in side impacts: A preliminary analysis. 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 1 12
- Gabler HC Digges K Fildes BN Sparke L. 2005 Side impact injury risk for belted far side passenger vehicle occupants. SAE World Congress, paper # 2005-01-0287, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
- Haland Y Lovsund P Nygren A. 1990 Estimation of fatalities and disabilities in car-to-car side impacts: An evaluation of different risk factors. 34th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 275 287
- Hardy WN Schneider LW Rouhana SW. 2001 Abdominal impact response to rigid-bar, seatbelt, and airbag loading. Stapp Car Crash Journal 45:1-31
- Kent R Lessley D Sherwood C. 2004 Thoracic response to dynamic, non-impact loading from a hub, distributed belt, diagonal belt, and double diagonal belts. Stapp Car Crash Journal 48 495 519
- Mackay GM Parkin S Hill J Munns JAR. 1991 Restrained occupants on the non-struck side in lateral collisions. 35th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 119 132
- Malliaris AC Hitchcock R Hedlund J. 1982 A search for priorities in crash protection. SAE International paper #820242. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
- Maltese MR Eppinger RH Rhule HH Donnelly BR Pintar FA Yoganandan N. 2002 Response corridors of human surrogates in lateral impacts. Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 321 351
- Melvin JW Gideon T. 2004 Biomechanical principles of racecar seat design for side impact protection. SAE International, paper #2004-01-3515. Society of Automotive Engineers. Warrendale, PA
- Pintar FA Yoganandan N Baisden J. 2005 Characterizing occipital condyle loads under highspeed head rotation. Stapp Car Crash Journal 49 33 47
- Pintar FA Yoganandan N Stemper BD Bostrom O Rouhana SW Smith S Sparke L Fildes BN Digges KH. 2006 WorldSID assessment of far side impact countermeasures. 50th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 189 209
- Rouhana SW Elhagediab AM. Chapp JJ. 1998 A high-speed sensor for measuring chest deflection in crash test dummies. Proceedings of 16th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Technical Paper No. 98-S9-O-15, Windsor Canada
- Rouhana SW Kankanala SV Prasad P Rupp JD Jeffreys TA Schneider LW. 2006 Biomechanics of 4-Point seat belt systems in farside impacts. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 50 267 298
- Sinson GP Yoganandan N Pintar FA Morgan RM Maiman DJ Brasel KJ Gennarelli TA. 2003 Carotid artery trauma in motor vehicle crashes: Investigation of the local tensile loading mechanism. Proceedings IRCOBI, 20th International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Lyon France 207 216
- Stemper BD Yoganandan N Pintar FA. 2007 Mechanics of arterial subfailure with increasing loading rate. Journal of Biomechanics 40 1806 1812
- Yoganandan N Pintar FA Gennarelli TA Maltese MR. 2000 Patterns of abdominal injuries in frontal and side impacts. 44th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Barrington, IL 17 36
- Yoganandan N Zhang J Pintar FA Liu YK. 2006 Lightweight low-profile nine-accelerometer package to obtain head angular accelerations in short-duration impacts. Journal of Biomechanics 39 1347 1354