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Laboratory Testing of Aircraft Anti-Icing Fluid Rehydrated Gel Residues
Technical Paper
2007-01-3303
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
Gel residues occur as the result of repeated anti-icing fluid application that leaves a powdery film upon dryout that, when rehydrated, can swell up to over 600 times its weight. When these gels collect on aircraft flight control surfaces in aerodynamically quiet areas and freeze, they give rise to reduced performance, increased stick force, slowed rotation and have caused jammed flight controls. Laboratory tests have been developed to simulate the gel formation by drying out fluids and rehydrating them. However, by their complex nature, much variation is seen between test results from different laboratories and the results are not yet considered by fluid users.
Testing carried out at AMIL on different fluids with different test methods has led to a more reproducible results and a potential classification of fluids based on their gel formation potential (GFP). It was found that complete dryout of the fluid, steady immersion, plate etching, wait times, oven temperature, and number of fluid immersions are important factors to the reproducibility of the test method. While, bubbles in the test sample, fluid dilutions, fluid viscosity and weight of the dryout residues had little effect on the tests results. From this study, a classification of the fluids into three categories is proposed: (1) high GFP, (2) high GFP that rinses off and (3) low GFP. Finally, the effect of Type I rinses and runway deicing fluids on gel residues was also examined.
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Authors
Citation
Beisswenger, A. and Perron, J., "Laboratory Testing of Aircraft Anti-Icing Fluid Rehydrated Gel Residues," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3303, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3303.Also In
References
- SAE G-12 Fluids Subcommittee (1999) Minutes of the Toronto Meeting Toronto May 1999
- Bakken Rolf SAS (2003) De/Anti-Ice Fluids Aerodynamic Effects on Aircraft Performance during Takeoff FAA Icing Conference 16-20 June 2003
- SAE G-12 Fluids Subcommittee (2005) Minutes of the Montreal Meeting Montreal 1-2 November 2005
- European Regions Airline Association (ERA) (2006) Notes on Winter Ops Workshop Basel 11-12 April 2006
- Aerospace Material Specification (2002) AMS 1428E, Appendix A Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic) SAE Type II, III and IV February 2002
- Bühler R. Anti-icing Fluid Dryout/Rehydration Test Presentation to the Residue Work group of the SAE G-12 Fluids Subcommittee Lisbon 21 May 2006
- German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Investigation (2005) Investigation Report 5X0070/05 November 2005
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