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Next Steps in Environmentally Friendly Xenon HID
Technical Paper
2007-01-1232
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
In 2004 environmental-friendly mercury free xenon HID lamps - D3 and D4 respectively with and without integrated igniter - were introduced in the automotive headlighting market. Driven by an increased concern for the environment from all stake holders in the car industry mercury free xenon HID has started his successful replacement of mercury containing xenon HID lamps used for automotive head lighting all over the world.
Of course, the elimination of mercury was a key factor in promoting the environmental friendliness of xenon HID. Furthermore the amount of radioactive thorium compounds could be reduced to 2% of the content of the D1/D2 bulbs.
Since then mercury free bulb designs without any thorium content have been studied assessing the electrical and optical compatibility with existing mercury free system designs.
It is shown that the complete elimination of thorium is possible if the thermal management of the bulb is controlled properly without sacrificing lumen or beam maintenance.
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Authors
Citation
Tiesler-Wittig, H., Weinert, H., Haacke, M., and Lesch, N., "Next Steps in Environmentally Friendly Xenon HID," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-1232, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1232.Also In
Automotive Lighting Technology and Human Factors in Driver Vision and Lighting
Number: SP-2106; Published: 2007-04-16
Number: SP-2106; Published: 2007-04-16
References
- Tiesler-Wittig H. Jalink K. Haacke M. Postma P. “Mercury free HID Lamp - A challenging Development in a global context” SAE Conference 2003
- Born M. “Investigations on the replacement of Hg in high pressure discharge lamps by metallic zinc” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34 2001 909 924
- Tiesler-Wittig H. Postma P. Spinger B. “Brightness to the very limit - headlighting sources with high luminance - mercury free xenon HID” SAE Conference 2005
- Flannagan M. et all “Nighttime Recognition of Pedestrians” Reports UMTRI-2003 University of Michigan
- Flannagan M. et all “Development of a Headlighting Rating System” PAL 2003