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Development of an Intake Flow Based Model Calculating Real Time Exhaust Flow by Accounting for Filling and Emptying of the Engine Manifolds
Technical Paper
2007-01-0324
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
According to the ISO 16183 [1] protocol for heavy-duty diesel engines, particulate matter can be determined using a partial flow dilution system (PFDS). In order to control a PFDS, it is necessary to know the exact exhaust gas mass flow rate at the sample probe of the system at any given time. For the purpose of operating a PFDS with online control, a transformation time for the entire system (exhaust mass flow determination and partial flow adjustment) of equal or less than 300 ms is specified. In order to minimize the dynamic requirements for the PFDS a fast determination of the exhaust flow rate is necessary, which can be achieved most easily by using the intake flows (air + fuel flow) into the engine.
This paper reports on the development and testing of an intake flow based model for calculating real time exhaust flow rate that accounts for the influence of the filling and emptying of the manifolds of a turbocharged diesel engine during dynamic operation. Depending on the necessary accuracy of the calculated exhaust flow, the influence of the engine manifolds, the importance of an accurate determination of the considered volumes and the influence of fast pressure, temperature and fuel flow measurement will be considered. Data will be presented to show the difference between the flow signal from intake flows, the exhaust flow from model corrected intake flow and the exhaust flow measured directly by an ultrasonic sensor system.
The influence in particulate matter (PM) results by controlling a partial flow PM sampler with different exhaust flow signals is estimated from soot and opacimetry data and verified from gravimetric PM results. Therefore tests were conducted using the intake flow, the model adjusted intake flow and a time delayed, model adjusted intake flow (which partially compensates for the transformation time of a direct measuring system) for calculating PM emission and controlling a PFDS.
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Citation
Steigerwald, K., Zelenka, B., Hohenberg, G., and Silvis, W., "Development of an Intake Flow Based Model Calculating Real Time Exhaust Flow by Accounting for Filling and Emptying of the Engine Manifolds," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0324, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0324.Also In
References
- Heavy-duty engines - Measurement of gaseous emissions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under transient test conditions December 2002
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 86 Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office 2005
- Council Directive 70/220/EEC from 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles
- Thiel W. et al. Problems of Partial Sample Systems for Modal Raw Exhaust Mass Emission Measurement SAE Paper 2003-01-0779 March 2003
- Engeljehringer K. et al. Meeting ISO 8178 Requirements for the Measurement of Diesel Particulates with Partial-Flow Dilution Systems SAE Paper 932466 September 1993
- Silvis William M. et al. Diesel Particulate Measurement with Partial Flow Sampling Systems: A New Probe and Tunnel Design that Correlates with Full Flow Tunnels SAE Paper 2002-01-0054 March 2002
- Khalek I.A. et al. Performance of Partial Flow Sampling Systems Relative to Full Flow CVS for Determination of Particulate Emissions under Steady-State and Transient Diesel Engine Operation SAE Paper 2002-01-1718 May 2002
- Schweizer Th. et al. A New Approach to Particulate Measurement on Transient Test Cycles: Partial Flow Dilution as Alternative to CVS Full Flow Systems SAE Paper 2000-01-1134 2000
- Hawley J.G. et al. Influence of Time-Alignment on the Calculation of Mass Emissions on a Chassis Rolls Dynamometer SAE Paper 2003-01-0395 2003
- Guenther M. et al. Advancements in Exhaust Flow Measurement Technology SAE Paper 2003-01-0780 2003