This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Detailed Chemical and Physical Characterization of Ash Species in Diesel Exhaust Entering Aftertreatment Systems
Technical Paper
2007-01-0318
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Irreversible plugging of diesel particulate filters caused by lubricant-derived metallic ash is the single most important factor responsible for long-term performance degradation and reduction in the service life of these filters. While a number of studies in the open literature have already demonstrated the benefits of diesel particulate traps and highlighted some of the difficulties associated with trap operation, many specific factors affecting trap performance and service life are still not well understood. The exact composition and nature of the exhaust entering the trap is one of the most important parameters affecting both short-term trap operation and long-term durability.
In this study a fully instrumented Cummins ISB 300 six-cylinder, 5.9 liter, diesel engine was outfitted with a diesel particulate filter and subjected to a subset of the Euro III 13-mode stationary test cycle. Total throughputs of various elements including sulfur and metallic ash, and their distributions in solid, liquid, and gaseous (SO2) forms were examined. Variations in particulate and ash chemical and elemental composition were quantified via detailed chemical and thermal analysis, which included TGA, ICP, and STEM. In addition, variations in particulate SOF, SOL, and SO4, as well as total ash content were measured before and after the diesel particulate filter. Changes in particulate and ash morphology were investigated using SEM and TEM analysis. Furthermore, the impact of lubricant sulfur content on the distribution of exhaust sulfur between gaseous SO2 and particulate SO4 was measured. Significant differences in the distribution of metallic, sulfur, and phosphorous compounds in the ash and bulk particulates were observed. These measurements constitute the first step in understanding exhaust chemical conditions and correlating their effects with aftertreatment system performance, and degradation thereof, if any.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Sappok, A. and Wong, V., "Detailed Chemical and Physical Characterization of Ash Species in Diesel Exhaust Entering Aftertreatment Systems," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0318, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0318.Also In
References
- Office of Transportation and Air Quality “Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Fuel Sulfur Requirements,” US Environmental Protection Agency 2000
- Young, D. Hickman, D. Bhatia, G. Gunasekaran, N. “Ash Storage Concept for Diesel Particulate Filters,” SAE 2004-01-0948
- Kazutake, O. Kazushige, O. Hong, S. Komori, T. “Ash Storage Capacity Enhancement of Diesel Particulate Filter,” SAE 2004-01-0949
- Konstandopoulos, A. Zarvalis, D. Kladopoulou, E. Dolios, I. “A Multi-Reactor Assembly for Screening of Diesel Particulate Filters,” SAE 2006-01-0874
- Gaiser, G. Mucha, P. “Prediction of Pressure Drop in Diesel Particulate Filters Considering Ash Deposition and Partial Regenerations,” SAE 2004-01-0158
- Piesche, M. Bargende, M. Deuschle, T. Hitzler, G. Janoske. U. Weitk, W. “Lanzeitstabilität von Partikelfiltern in Dieselmotoren,” FVV Informatsionstagung Motoren 2003 FVV Frankfurt
- Allansson, R. Blakeman, P. Cooper, B. Phillips, P. Thoss, J. Walker, A. “The Use of Continuously Regenerating Trap (CRTTM) to Control Particulate Emissions: Minimizing the Impact of Sulfur Poisoning,” SAE 2002-01-1271
- Nemoto, S. Kishi, Y. Matsuura, K. Miura, M. Togawaw, S. Ishikawa, T. Hashimoto, T. Yamazaki, T. “Impact of Oil-Derived Ash on Continuous Regeneration-Type Diesel Particulate Filter-JCAPII Oil WG Report,” SAE 2004-01-1887
- Bunting, B. More, K. Lewis, S. Toops, T. “Phosphorous Poisoning and Phosphorous Exhaust Chemistry with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts,” SAE 2005-01-1758
- Bardasz, E. Antoon, F. Schiferl, E. Wang, J. Totten, W. “The Impact of Lubricant Derived Sulfur Species on Efficiency and Durability of Diesel NOx Adsorbers,” SAE 2004-01-3011
- Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA) “Diesel Particulate Filter Maintenance: Current Practices and Experience,” Washington D.C. 2005
- Bardasz, E. Cowling, S. Panesar, A. Durham, J. Tadrous, T. “Effects of Lubricant Derived Chemistries on Performance of the Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filters,” SAE 2005-01-2168
- Jääskeläinen, H. Majewski, A. “Diesel Engine Lubricants,” www.DieselNet.com 2006
- Givens, W. Buck, W. Jackson, A. Kaldo, A. Hertzberg, A. Moehrmann, W. Mueller-Lunz, S. Pelz, N. Wenninger, G. “Lube Formulation Effects on Transfer of Elements to Exhaust After-Treatment System Components,” SAE 2003-01-3109
- Warner, J. Johnson, J. Bagley, S. Huynh, C. “Effects of Catalyzed Particulate Filter on Emissions from a Diesel Engine: Chemical Characterization Data and Particulate Emissions Measured with Thermal Optical and Gravimetric Methods,” SAE 2003-01-0049
- Kurihara, I. Takeshima, S. Yashima, H. “Development of Low-Ash Type Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oil for After-Treatment Devices,” SAE 2004-01-1955
- Konstandopoulos, A. Kostoglou, M. Skaperdas, E. Papaioannou, E. Zarvalis, D. Kladopoulou, E. “Fundamental Studies of Diesel Particulate Filters: Transient Loading, Regeneration and Aging,” SAE 2000-01-1016
- Johnson, J. Bagley, S. Gratz, L. Leddy, G. “A Review of Diesel Particulate Control Technology and Emissions Effects,” SAE 940233
- Fukushima, H. Adachi, M. Nakamura, S. Hill, L. “Particulate Measurements by a New Analyzing Technique for Super-Low Mass PM,” SAE 2002-30-0039
- Lee, K. Cole, R. Sekar, R. Choi, M. Zhu, J. Kang, J Bae, C. “Detailed Characterization of Morphology and Dimensions of Diesel Particulates via Thermophoretic Sampling,” SAE 2001-01-3572
- Lee, L. Zhu, J. Ciatti, S. Yozgatligil, A. Choi, M. “Sizes, Graphitic Structures and Fractal Geometry of Light-Duty Diesel Engine Particulates,” SAE 2003-01-3169
- Lee, K. Zhu, J. “Effects of Exhaust System Components on Particulate Morphology in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine,” SAE 2005-01-0184
- Mogaka, Z. Wong, V. Shahed, S. “Performance and Regeneration Characteristics of a Cellular Ceramic Diesel Particulate Trap,” SAE 820272
- Sluder, S. West, B. “Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Performance in a Light-Duty Vehicle,” SAE 2000-01-2848