This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Effect of Reformer Gas on HCCI Combustion - Part I:High Octane Fuels
Technical Paper
2007-01-0208
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines offer high fuel efficiency and some emissions benefits. However, it is difficult to control and stabilize combustion over a sufficient operating range because the critical compression ratio and intake temperature at which HCCI combustion can be achieved varies with operating conditions such as speed and load as well as with fuel octane number. Replacing part of the base fuel with reformer gas, (which can be produced from the base hydrocarbon fuel), alters HCCI combustion characteristics in varying ways depending on the replacement fraction and the base fuel auto-ignition characteristics. Injecting a blend of reformer gas and base fuel offers a potential HCCI combustion control mechanism because fuel injection quantities and ratios can be altered on a cycle-by-cycle basis.
This paper describes an experimental study of reformer gas fuel replacement effects on HCCI combustion with base fuels having sufficient octane number to allow spark ignition operating modes. This would be appropriate for engines designed to start and run at high power using spark ignition but using HCCI combustion to improve efficiency and emissions at part load. An experimental study was carried out using a CFR engine which was modified to achieve high compression ratio for HCCI combustion on primary reference fuel with 100 and 80 octane numbers. A variable blend of the base fuel with simulated reformer gas (75% H2, 25% CO) was used to alter the HCCI combustion characteristics.
Experimental results indicated that combustion was retarded by increasing RG fraction in base fuel. It reduced maximum cylinder pressure and maximum cylinder pressure rise rate, leading to a smoother combustion. NOx remained minimal for all operating points. HC and CO increased slightly with RG addition as an indication of lower combustion temperature. It was found that RG replacement with high octane fuels has two advantages. First, it smoothed combustion by retarding combustion timing while maintaining the same λ. Second, it effectively controlled combustion timing when keeping λ and EGR ratios constant.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Hosseini, V. and Checkel, M., "Effect of Reformer Gas on HCCI Combustion - Part I:High Octane Fuels," SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0208, 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0208.Also In
References
- Oakley, A. Zhao, H. Ladommatos, N. Ma, T. Dilution Effects on the Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) Combustion of Hydrocarbon and Alcohol Fuels SAE Paper, 2001-01-3606 2001
- Tanaka, S. Ayala, F. Keck, J.C. Heywood, J.B. Two-Stage Ignition in HCCI Combustion and HCCI Control by Fuels and Additives Combustion and Flame 132 219 239 2003
- Aroonsrisopon, T. Foster, D. Morikawa, T. Iida, M. Comparison of HCCI Operating Ranges for Combinations of Intake Temperature, Engine Speed And Fuel Composition SAE Paper, 2002-01-1924 2002
- Aroonsrisopon, T. Sohm, V. Werner, P. Foster, D.E. Morikawa, T. Iida, M. An Investigation Into the Effect of Fuel Composition on HCCI Combustion Characteristics SAE Paper, 2002-01-2830 2002
- Koopmans, L. Strömberg, E. Denbratt, I. The Influence of PRF and Commercial Fuels with High Octane Number on the Auto-Ignition Timing of an Engine Operated in HCCI Combustion Mode with Negative Valve Overlap SAE Paper, 2004-01-1967 2004
- Yao, M. Zheng, Z. Zhang, B. Chen, Z. The Effect of PRF Fuel Octane Number on HCCI Operation SAE Paper, 2004-01-2992 2004
- Atkins, M.J. Koch, C.R. The Effect of Fuel Octane and Dilutent on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion Proc. IMechE. Part D: J. Automobile Engineering 219 665 675 2005
- Jamal, Y. Wyszynski, M.L. On-board Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gaseous Fuels- A Review International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 19 7 557 572 1994
- Kirwan, J.E. Quader, A.A. Grieve, M.J. Advanced Engine Management Using On-Board Gasoline Partial Oxidation Reforming for Meeting Super-ULEV (SULEV) Emissions Standards SAE Paper, 1999-01-2927 1999
- Kirwan, J.E. Quader, A.A. Grieve, M.J. Fast Start-Up On-Board Gasoline Reformer for Near-Zero Emissions in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Paper, 2002-01-1011 2002
- Smith, J.A. Bartley, G.J.J. Stoichiometric Operation of a Gas Engine Utilizing Synthesis Gas and EGR for NOx Control Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122 617 623 2000
- Topinka, J.A. Gerty, M.D. Heywood, J.B. Keck, J.C. Knock Behavior of a Lean-Burn, H2 and CO-enhanced, SI gasoline Engine Concept SAE Paper, 2004-01-0975 2004
- Quader, A.A. Kirwan, J.E. Grieve, M.J. Engine Performance and Emissions Near the Dilute Limit with Hydrogen Enrichment using an On-Board Reforming Strategy SAE Paper, 2004-01-1356
- Shudo, T. Ono, Y. HCCI Combustion of Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and Dimethyl Ether SAE Paper, 2002-01-0112 2002
- Shudo, T. Ono, Y. Takahashi, T. Influence of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide on HCCI Combustion of Dimethyl Ether SAE Paper, 2002-01-2828 2002
- Shudo, T. Ono, Y. Takahashi, T. Ignition Control by DME-Reformed Gas in HCCI Combustion of DME SAE Paper, 2003-01-1824 2003
- Shudo, T. Takahashi, T. Influence of Reformed Gas Composition on HCCI Combustion of Onboard Methanol-Reformed Gases SAE Paper, 2004-01-1908 2004
- Shudo, T. An HCCI Combustion Engine System Using On-Board Reformed Gases of Methanol with Waste Heat Recovery: Ignition Control by Hydrogen International Journal of Vehicle Design 41 206 225 2006
- Peucheret, S. Wyszynski, M.L. Exhuast Gas Reforming of Methane to Aid Natural Gas HCCI Combustion: Experimental Results of Open Loop Hydrogen Production and Basic Thermodynamic Analysis Proceeding of 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis Manchester, UK 2004
- Peucheret, S. Wyszynski, M.L. Lehrle, R.S. Golunski, S. Xuc, H. Use Of Catalytic Reforming to Aid Natural Gas HCCI Combustion In Engines: Experimental and Modeling Results of Open-Loop Fuel Reforming International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30 1583 1594 2005
- Yap, D. Megaritis, A. Peucheret, S. Wyszynski, M.L. Xu, H. Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Natural Gas HCCI Combustion SAE Paper, 2004-01-1972 2004
- Yap, D. Peucheret, S.M. Megaritis, A. Wyszynski, M.L. Xu, H. Natural Gas HCCI Engine Operation with Exhaust Gas Fuel Reforming International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31 587 595 2006
- Tsolakis, A. Megaritis, A. Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Engine with On-Board H 2 Production by Exhaust Gas Fuel Reforming of Diesel and Biodiesel International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30 731 745 2005
- Hosseini, V. Checkel, Alternative Mode Combustion Study: HCCI Fueled With Heptane and Spark Ignition Fueled with Reformer Gas ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2005 Fall Technical Conference Ottawa, Canada ASME Paper ICEF2005-1240
- Hosseini, V. Checkel, Using Reformer Gas to Enhance HCCI Combustion of CNG in a CFR Engine SAE Paper, 2006-01-3247 2006
- Eng, J.A. Leppard, W.R. Sloane, T.M. The Effect of Pox on the Autoignition Chemistry of N-Heptane and Iso-octane In an HCCI Engine SAE Paper, 2002-01-2861 2002
- Hosseini, V. Checkel, Effect of Reformer Gas on HCCI Combustion- Part II: Low Octane Fuels SAE Paper, 2007-01-0206 2007
- Mueller, C.J. The Quantification of Mixture Stoichiometry When Fuel Molecules Contain Oxidizer Elements or Oxidizer Molecules Contain Fuel Elements SAE Paper, 2005-01-3705 2005
- Heywood, J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1988
- Martinez-Frias, J. Aceves, S.M. Flowers, D. Smith, J.R. Dibble, R. Equivalence Ratio-EGR Control of HCCI Engine Operation and the Potential for Transition to Spark-Ignited Operation SAE Paper, 2001-01-3613 2001
- Kalghatgi, G.T. Head, R.A. The Available and Required Autoignition Quality of Gasoline-Like Fuels In HCCI Engines at High Temperatures SAE Paper, 2004-01-1969 2004
- Kalghatgi, G.T. Auto-Ignition Quality of Practical Fuels and Implications for Fuel Requirements of Future SI and HCCI Engines SAE Paper, 2005-01-0239 2005
- Risberg, P. Kalghatgi, G. Ångstrom, H.-E., Auto-ignition Quality of Gasoline-Like Fuels in HCCI Engines SAE Paper, 2003-01-3215 2003
- Risberg, P. Kalghatgi, G. Ångstrom, H.-E., Wåhlin, F., Auto-Ignition Quality of Diesel-Like Fuels In HCCI Engines SAE Paper, 2005-01-2127 2005
- Peng, Z. Zhao, H. Ladommatos, N. Effects of Air/Fuel Ratios and EGR Rates on HCCI Combustion of n-Heptane, a Diesel Type Fuel SAE Paper, 2003-01-0747 2003
- Iida, M. Aroonsrisopon, T. Hayashi, M. Foster, D. Martin, J. The Effect of Intake Air Temperature, Compression Ratio and Coolant Temperature on the Start of Heat Release in an HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) Engine SAE Paper, 2001-01-1880 2001