Principles of Express Instrumental Control of Total Toxicity of Environmental Objects and Their Realization in Space Conditions

To control total toxicity of environmental objects the principal new approach based on the determination of the chemiluminescence (ChL) level from living medium of 5 Daphnia’s is proposed. The exited ChL of the medium was registered by the special stationary or portable optrode devices in the presence of luminol and hydrogen peroxide. Deviations of ChL values from initial levels were in compliance with intensity of toxic effect indicating a dependence on source of toxic substances. The efficiency of the developed method for the control of water purification process from number of surface-active substances was studied. The sensitivity of the analysis by Daphnia ChL biotest was about 5–10 mg of Triton X-100 per liter of water. The developed method was much more sensitive and demanded much less time for its fulfillment then the standard method based on the Daphnia immobilization.