This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Nanoparticles Characterization at Spark Ignition Engine Exhaust
Technical Paper
2005-24-010
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The aim of the paper is the characterization in terms of chemical and physical nature of particles at exhaust of spark ignition (SI) engine. Measurements were carried out at exhaust of 16v - 1.2 litre Port Fuel Injection Spark Ignition engine downstream a catalyst.
The emission of nanoparticles was investigated by optical techniques and conventional methods. In particular laser induced incandescence (LII), and broadband multiwavelength extinction-scattering spectroscopy (BUVESS) were used. LII allowed the detection and sizing primary particles of carbonaceous nature. BUVESS measured particle size distribution by numerical procedure that took advantage by data at several wavelengths. The optical results were compared with those obtained by conventional methods like opacimeter for mass concentration and Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) for sizing. Different engine operating conditions were selected in order to evaluate their influence on the particle nature and size distribution.
Recommended Content
Authors
- S. Di Iorio - Istituto Motori – National Research Council – Via G. Marconi, 8 – 80125, Naples (Italy)
- S. S. Merola - Istituto Motori – National Research Council – Via G. Marconi, 8 – 80125, Naples (Italy)
- B. M. Vaglieco - Istituto Motori – National Research Council – Via G. Marconi, 8 – 80125, Naples (Italy)
- C. Tornatore - Department of Chemical Engineering – University of Naples “Federico II” – Naples (Italy)
Citation
Di Iorio, S., Merola, S., Vaglieco, B., and Tornatore, C., "Nanoparticles Characterization at Spark Ignition Engine Exhaust," SAE Technical Paper 2005-24-010, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-24-010.Also In
References
- Gaskow B.R., Kittelson, D.B., Ahamadi M.R., and Morris J.E., “Exhaust Particulate Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine” SAE paper number 1999-01-1145 (1999)
- Gilmour P.S., Ziesenis A., Morrison E.R., Vickers M.A., Drost E.M., Ford I., Karg E., Mossa C., Schroeppel A., Ferron G.A., Heyder J., Greaves M., MacNee W., Donaldson K., “Pulmonary and systemic effects of short-term inhalation exposure to ultrafine carbon black particles”, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol v. 15;195(1): 35–44 (2004)
- Oberdorster G., Gelein R.M., Ferin J. and Weiss B. “Association of particulate air pollution and acute mortality: involvement of ultrafine particles?” Inhalation Toxicology v. 7: 111–124 (1995).
- McAughey J. J., Dickens C. J., Rickeard D. J., Bateman J. R., and Kwon Y. K., “Exhaust Particulate Size Distribution: Vehicle and Fuel Influences in light Duty Vehicles” SAE paper number 96 1980 (1996)
- Hall D.E., Goodfellow C. L., Heinze P., “A study of the Size, number and Mass Distribution of the Automotive Particulate Emission from European light Duty Vehicles” SAE paper number 982600 (1998)
- Rubino, L Crane, R I Shrimpton, J S Arcoumanis, C “An electrostatic trap for control of ultrafine particle emissions from gasoline-engined vehicles” Proceedings of the I MECH E Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering Vol. 219 Page: 535–546 (2005).
- Kayes D., and Hochgreb S., “Investigation of the Dilution Process for measurements of particulate Matter from spark Ignition Engines”, SAE paper number 982601 (1998)
- Gaskow B.R., Kittelson D.B., Abdul-khalek I. S., Ahamadi M. R., and Morris J. E., “Characterization of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from a Spark Ignition Engine”, SAE paper number 980528 (1998)
- Cadle S. H., et al., “Measurements of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from In-Use light-Duty Motor Vehicles in the Denver, Colorado Area”, http://cheron.cira.cloadostate.edu (1998)
- Vaglieco B. M., Monda O., Corcione F.E., Menguc M.P., “Optical and Radiative Properties of Particulates at Diesel Engine Exhaust”, Combust. Sci. and Tech. v.102: 283–299 (1994).
- Clar, E., “Polycyclic Hydrocarbons”, Academic, London, 1974, Vols. 1 and 2.
- Taft, A., and Philip, H. R., Phys. Rev. 138:A197 (1965).
- Borghese, A., Merola, S.S., “Time Resolved Spectral and Spatial Description of Laser-Induced Breakdown in Air as a Pulsed, Bright and Broadband Ultraviolet-Visible Light Source”, Applied Optics, 37:3977–3083 (1998).
- Bohren, C.F., Huffman, D.R., “ Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles”, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1983).
- Ahlvik, P., Ntziachristos, L., Keskinen, J. and Virtanen, “A. Real Time Measurements of Diesel Particle Size Distributions with an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor”, SAE Technical paper n. 980410 (1998)
- Virtanen, A., Ristimäki, J., Marjamäki, M., Vaaraslahti, K., Keskinen, J. & Lappi, M., “Effective Density of Diesel Exhaust Particles as a Function of Size”, SAE Technical paper n. 2002-01-0056 (2002).
- Maricq, M., Podsiadlik, D. and Chase, R., “Examination of the Size-Resolved and Transient Nature of Motor Vehicle Particle Emissions”, Environ. Sci. Technol. v. 33: 1618–1626 (1999).
- Merola, S. S., Vaglieco, B. M., Tornatore, C., “Characterization of Nanoparticles at the Exhaust of a Common Rail Diesel Engine by Optical Techniques and Conventional Method”, Fuels & Lubricants 2005-01-2155 (2005).
- Merola S.S., Vaglieco B. M., Zarinchang J., “Simultaneous Detection of NOx and Particulate in Exhaust of a CR Diesel Engine by UV-Visible Spectroscopy”, SAE Technical paper n. 2003-01-0786 vol. 112SAE transaction Journal Engines pp. 1207–1215 (2003).
- Felske J.D., Pei-Feng Hsu and Ku J., “The Effect of Soot Particle Optical Inhomogenity and Agglomeration on the Analysis of Light Scattering Measurements in Flames”, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer Vol. 35, No 6, pp. 447–465, 1986.
- Chang, H., Charalampopoulos, T.T. - Determination of the wavelength dependence of refractive indices of flame soot - Proc. Royal Soc. London A, (1990) 430, 577–591.
- Kirkevag A., Iversen T., Dahlback A. – On radiative effect of black carbon and sulphate aerosols. – Atmospheric Environment, 33, 2621–2635 (1999).
- Levoni, C., Cervino, M., Rodolfo, G., and Torricella, F., “Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Properties: a Database of Radiative Characteristic for Different Components and Classes”, Applied Optics, Vol. 36, No. 30, pp. 8031–8041, 1997.
- Kittelson, D.B. - Engines and Nanoparticles: a Review – J. Aerosol Sci., 29, 575–588, 1998.
- Siegla D. and Smith G.W. - Particulate Carbon, Formation during Combustion - Plenum Press, NewYork (1981).
- Merola, S. S., Vaglieco, B. M., “Spectroscopic Characterisation of Nanoparticle Modes at the Exhaust of a CR Diesel Engine Equipped with Particulate Filter”, SAE_NA Technical paper n. 2003-01-54 (2003)
- Ackerman T.P., Toon O.B. – Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbing particles. – Applied Optical, v. 20 n. 20, 3661–3668 (1981).
- Egan W.G., Hilgeman – Anomalous refractive index of submicron sized particulates – Applied Optics, v. 19 n. 22, 3724–3727 (1980).
- Melton, L.A. - Soot Diagnostics Based on Laser Heating, - Appl. Opt. v. 23: 2201–2208 (1984).
- Schraml S., Will S. and Leipertz A., ”Simultaneous Measurement of Soot Mass Concentration and Primary Particle Size in the Exhaust of a DI Diesel Engine by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence (TIRE-LII)”, SAE Technical paper n. 1999-01-0146 (1999).
- De Iuliis S., Cignoli F., Benecchi S., Zizak G., “Determination of soot parameters by a two-angle scattering-extinction technique in an ethylene diffusion flame”, Applied Optics v. 37: 7865–7874 (1998).
- Snelling, D. R., Smallwood, G. J., Gülder, Ö. L., Bachalo, W. D., and Sankar, S. -Soot Volume Fraction Characterization Using the Laser-Induced Incandescence Detection Method. -Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, July, 2000.
- Jacobson, M., Seinfeld, J. H., “Evolution of Nanoparticle Size and Mixing State Near the Point of Emission”, Atmosferic Environment 38 (2004) 1839–1850.