This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Analysis of Finite Element Models for Head Injury Investigation: Reconstruction of Four Real-World Impacts
Technical Paper
2005-22-0001
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that both excessive linear and rotational accelerations are the cause of head injuries. Although the head injury criterion has been beneficial as an indicator of head injury risk, it only considers linear acceleration, so there is a need to consider both types of motion in future safety standards. Advanced models of the head/brain complex have recently been developed to gain a better understanding of head injury biomechanics. While these models have been verified against laboratory experimental data, there is a lack of suitable real-world data available for validation. Hence, using two computer models of the head/brain, the objective of the current study was to reconstruct four real-world crashes with known head injury outcomes in a full-vehicle crash laboratory, simulate head/brain responses using kinematics obtained during these reconstructions, and to compare the results predicted by the models against the actual injuries sustained by the occupant. Cases where the occupant sustained no head injuries (AIS 0) and head injuries of severity AIS 4, AIS 5, and multiple head injuries were selected. Data collected from a 9-accelerometer skull were input into the Wayne State University Head Injury Model (WSUHIM) and the NHTSA Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon). The results demonstrated that both models were able to predict varying injury severities consistent with the difference in AIS injury levels in the real-world cases. The WSUHIM predicted a slightly higher injury threshold than the SIMon, probably due to the finer mesh and different software used for the simulations, and could also determine regions of the brain which had been injured. With further validation, finite element models can be used to establish an injury criterion for each type of brain injury in the future.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Melanie Franklyn - Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC), Victoria, Australia
- Brian Fildes - Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC), Victoria, Australia
- Liying Zhang - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, US
- King Yang - Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, US
- Laurie Sparke
Citation
Franklyn, M., Fildes, B., Zhang, L., Yang, K. et al., "Analysis of Finite Element Models for Head Injury Investigation: Reconstruction of Four Real-World Impacts," SAE Technical Paper 2005-22-0001, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-22-0001.Also In
References
- Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1990 Revision, Update 98 Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 1998
- Allsop, D. L. Warner, C. Y. Wille, M. G. Scheider, D. C. Nahum, A. M. 1988 Facial impact response - A comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver Proc. 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper No. 881719 . Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrrendale, PA
- Arbogast K. B. Margulies S. S. 1997 Regional differences in mechanical properties of the porcine central nervous system Proc. 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper No. 973336 . Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
- Bandak F.A. Zhang A. X. et al. 2001 SIMon: A Simulated Injury Monitor; Application to Head Injury Assessment Proc. 17th ESV Conference June 2001
- Buchanan K A. Head Injury: The Problem Proceedings of A Lifetime Ahead Seminar Saskatchewan, Canada 1989
- Gennarelli T. Thibault L. Adams J. Graham D. Thompson C Marcincin R 1982 Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate Annals of Neurology 12 564 574
- Gennarelli T. Ommaya, A Thibault, L 1972 Pathophysiologic responses to rotational and translational accelerations of the head. Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference SAE Paper No. 720970
- Hardy W. N. Foster C. D. Mason M. J. Yang K. H. King A. I. Tashman S 2001 Investigation of head injury mechanisms using neutral density technology and high-speed biplanar X-ray Proc. 45th Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 SAE 2001-22-0016 337 368
- Healthy People 2010 2002 Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control US
- Holburn A 1943 Mechanics of head injuries The Lancet 2 438 441
- King A. I. Hardy W. N. Mason M. J. Tashman S 2002 Comparison of relative motion between the brain and skull of the human cadaver for rotation in the coronal and sagittal planes The 4th World Congress of Biomechanics Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- King, A. I. Yang K. H. Zhang L. Viano D. C 2003 Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration? Bertil Aldman Lecture Proc. 2003 International IRCOBI Conf on the Biomechanics of Impact Lisbon, Portugal Sept 2003
- Kleiven, S. Von Holst, H 2002 Consequences of Head Size Following Trauma to the Human Head Journal of Biomechanics 35 2 153 160
- Lee M.C. Haut R.C. 1989 Insensitivity of tensile failure properties of human bridging veins to strain rate: Implications in biomechanics of subdural hematoma Journal of Biomechanics 22 6/7 537 542
- Lenard, J. A. Hurley, B Thomas, P 2000 The statistical accuracy of Delta-V in systematic field accident studies Institute of Mechanical Engineers. IMechE Conference VS 2000 London 7–9 June 2000 201 208
- Lissner H. Lebow M Evans F 1960 Experimental studies on the relation between acceleration and intracranial changes in man Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 11 329 338
- McHenry B. G. McHenry R. R. 1997 SMAC-97: Refinement of the collision algorithm SAE Paper Number 970947
- Nahum A. M. Smith R. Ward C. C 1977 Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact Proc. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper No. 770922 . Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale PA
- NHTSA 1989 National Accident Sampling System 1989 Crashworthiness Data System (NASS CDS) Washington DC, US
- NHTSA 2000 Office of Regulatory Analysis & Evaluation Plans and Policy Final Economic Assessement FMVSS No. 208 Advanced Air Bags III US
- Nyquist, G. W. Cavanaugh, J. M. Goldberg, S. J. King, A. I. 1986 Facial impact tolerance and response Proc. 30 th Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper No. 861896 . Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
- O’Connor P 2002 Hospitalisation due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), Australia 1997–1998 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra
- Padgaonkar A. J. Krieger K. W. King A. I. 1975 Measurement of angular acceleration of a rigid body using linear accelerometers Journal of Applied Mechanics 42 555 556
- Takhounts E.G. Eppinger R.H. Campbell J.Q. Tannous R.E. Power E.D. Shook L. S. 2003 On the development of the SIMon finite element head model The Stapp Car Crash Journal 47 107 133
- Thibault L Gennarelli T 1985 Biomechanics of diffuse brain injuries. Proceedings of 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference SAE Paper No. 856022
- Trosseille X. Tarriere C. Lavaste F. Guillon F Domont A 1992 Development of a F.E.M. of the human head according to a specific test protocol Proc. 36th Stapp Car Crash Conf. SAE Paper No. 922527 . Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
- Viano D. Fan A. Ueno K. Walilko T. Cavanaugh J King A 1995 Biofidelity and Injury Assessment in Eurosid I and BioSID. Proc. 39th STAPP Car Crash Conference SAE Paper No. 952731
- Versace J 1971 A review of the severity index. Proceedings of 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1971 SAE Paper No. 710881
- Ward, C. C. Chan, M. Nahum, A. M. 1980 Intracranial pressure – a brain injury criterion Proc. 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper No. 801304 . Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA
- Zhang L. Yang K. H. Dwarampudi R. Omori K. Li T. Chang K. Hardy W. N. Khalil T. B. King A. I. 2001 Recent advances in brain injury research: a new human head model development and validation Proc. 45th Stapp Car Crash Conference 369 393
- Zhang L Bae J Hardy W. N. Monson K. L. Manley G. T. Goldsmith W. Yang K. H. King A. I. 2002 Computational study of the contribution of thevasculature on the dynamic response of the brain Proc. 46th STAPP Car Crash Conference 145 163
- Zhang, L. Yang, K. H. King, A. I. 2004 A proposed tolerance for mild traumatic brain injury J. Biomech. Eng. 126 2 226 236
- Zhang L. Yang K. H. King A. I. Viano D. C. 2003 A new biomechanical predicator for mild traumatic brain injury – A preliminary finding Summer ASME Bioengineering Conference 2003