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Fuel Effects on Regulated Emissions From Advanced Diesel Engines and Vehicles
Technical Paper
2004-01-1880
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
The introduction of sulphur-free fuels will enable advanced engine and exhaust after-treatment technologies to meet increasingly stringent exhaust emissions regulations. As these cleaner fuels and vehicles are introduced, the potential for further improvements in air quality through changes to fuel properties can be expected to diminish. Nevertheless, CONCAWE has continued to update knowledge by evaluating fuel effects on emissions from new engine/vehicle technologies as they approach the market.
In this work, carried out as part of CONCAWE's contribution to the EU “PARTICULATES” consortium [1], two advanced light-duty diesel vehicles and three heavy-duty diesel engines covering Euro-3 to Euro-5 technologies, were tested. The fuels tested covered a range of sulphur content and compared conventional fuels with extreme fuel compositions such as Swedish Class 1 and Fischer Tropsch diesel fuels.
The emissions benefits from the advanced engine/vehicle technologies operating on sulphur-free fuels are impressive and likely to bring substantial improvements in European air quality as the vehicle fleet is replaced. Particulate filters have the potential to reduce diesel particulate mass (PM) emissions by more than an order of magnitude. Capability for substantial improvements in control of NOx emissions is also evident.
Fuel effects on PM and NOx emissions were also observed. In Euro-3 engines, the effects from extreme fuel changes were in the range of 10-20%. When advanced emission control technologies such as diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were used, PM emissions were so low that the impact of changing fuel properties became negligible. Extreme fuel changes continued to affect NOx emissions even with the advanced engine technologies, although these fuels also reduced maximum power. Optimisation of the exhaust after-treatment was also important, with increasing urea rate reducing NOx emissions. Further progress on NOx emissions can be expected as control of engine-out emissions improves and NOx after-treatment technology matures, with the availability of sulphur-free fuels.
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Thompson, N., Stradling, R., Zemroch, P., de Craecker, R. et al., "Fuel Effects on Regulated Emissions From Advanced Diesel Engines and Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1880, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1880.Also In
Engine Lubricants, Effects of Fuels and Lubricants on Automotive Devices, and Lubricant Applications and New Test Methods
Number: SP-1885; Published: 2004-06-08
Number: SP-1885; Published: 2004-06-08
References
- EU “PARTICULATES” Project DG TREN contract number 2000-RD.11091
- EU 1998 Directive 98/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/220/EEC Official Journal of the European Communities No. L350 28 12 1998
- EU Directive 1999/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles and amending Council Directive 88/77/EEC Official Journal of the European Communities No. L44 16 02 2000
- EU Directive 2003/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 March 2003 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels Official Journal of the European Communities No. L76 22 03 2003
- EPEFE 1995 European programme on emissions, fuels and engine technologies EPEFE Report on behalf of ACEA and EUROPIA
- CONCAWE report 4/02 Evaluation of diesel fuel cetane and aromatics effects on emissions from euro-3 engines
- Fuel effects on regulated emissions from modern gasoline vehicles Thompson, N. et al. SAE 2004-01-1886
- Overview of the European “Particulates” Project on the Characterization of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road Vehicles: Results for Light-Duty Vehicles Samaras Z. et al. SAE 2004-01-1985
- Overview of the European “Particulates” Project on the Characterization of Exhaust Particulate Emissions from Road Vehicles: Results for Heavy Duty engines Samaras Z. et al. SAE 2004-01-1986
- Assessment and Reliability of Transport Emission Models and Inventory Systems (ARTEMIS). EU Commission project DG TREN contract number 1999-RD.10429 TRL Ltd