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Virtual Testing of Driver OOP Scenarios: Effect of Modeling Detail on Injury Response
Technical Paper
2004-01-1629
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
This study investigates the relevance of certain parameters for virtual testing of the driver's side OOP problem and attempts to answer the following questions: Which level of detail is needed in the airbag models to assess occupants' injury values for OOP scenarios? What is the influence of the airbag cover on the occupant response for OOP situations and how to accurately model the airbag cover? Are current dummy models suitable to assess the localized human injuries and/or is it beneficial to include human models for injury assessment?
The combined multibody-FE code MADYMO was used. A virtual set-up of a folded driver airbag including cover, steering wheel and a simple seat forms the base model. Occupants were positioned according to the two OOP driver positions defined in FMVSS 208, i.e. chin on module to maximize neck injury risk and chest on module to maximize chest injury risk. The 5th percentile Hybrid III dummy model as well as the 5th percentile human model were used and different airbag inflation and cover modeling techniques were investigated. Attention was focussed on analyses of the injury values obtained from the simulations of the different situations (with / without cover, use of gasflow, human / dummy model).
From this study, it is concluded that it is important to take into account the geometrical effects of the airbag cover on airbag deployment and hence injury generation in OOP simulations. Adding a gasflow description to the airbag deployment simulation resulted in differences in the early deployment phase. If the dummy's injuries are determined in this phase (dependent of scenario), gasflow contributes to improved airbag modeling at the cost of higher CPU times. From the human model simulations, it is concluded that for this specific scenario, using dummy models could lead to underestimation of human injuries in the chest region, in contrast to overestimation of the head acceleration and the neck loads in the rebound phase. Therefore, human models could provide additional value compared to dummy models.
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Authors
Topic
Citation
Bosch-Rekveldt, M. and van Hoof, J., "Virtual Testing of Driver OOP Scenarios: Effect of Modeling Detail on Injury Response," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1629, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1629.Also In
CAE Methods for Vehicle Crashworthiness and Occupant Safety, and Safety-Critical Systems
Number: SP-1870; Published: 2004-03-08
Number: SP-1870; Published: 2004-03-08
References
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- Happee, R. Ridella, S. Nayef, A. Morsink, P. de Lange, R. Bours, R. van Hoof, J. “Mathematical human body models representing a mid size male and a small female for frontal, lateral and rearward impact loading” IRCOBI Conference 2000
- ADVANCE EU 5 th framework project
- MADYMO Human body models manual
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- Kirk Alan Frampton Richard Thomas Pete VSRC Loughborough University UK “An evaluation of airbag benefits / disbenefits in European Vehicles, a combined statistical and case study approach.” IRCOBI conference 2002
- Roselt Thomas Hummel Klaus Langwiederm Thomas Koster Hans-Jurgen German Insurance Association, Institute for Vehicle Safety Germany “Injury patterns of front seat occupants in frontal car collisions with airbags” IRCOBI conference 2002
- Pilkey W.D. “Out-of-position (OOPS) ISO-1 position series 2 tests, using a 5 th % Hybrid-III dummy and 1 cadaver, ATD.53.C.416 and CAD.57.425” NHTSA report DTNH22-93-Y-07028 Automobile Safety Laboratory of the University of Virginia 1998